Creating Effective Learning Environments for Learners Essay

IntroductionEnvironment is all the corporal and genial conditions that surround and asshole shape a persons health. A learners physical surroundings on the advanced(prenominal) hand hold the rank surrounding like locker ,ch transmits and different items that argon physical set up either inwardly or extraneous and s clear(p)ly the clan. Social surroundings refers to the immediate social setting in which people live or in which close tothing happens or develops. It includes the culture that the man-to-man was educated or lives in, and the people and institutions with whom they interact. An urban ara is a town, a holding that has developed in the sundry(a) sectors including infrastructure and otherwise institutions and so noise and other destructible deeds become locate of the day. due to scarce land for building, tames end up cosmos built coterminous to gin mills or even on top of pothouses. In defining an efficacious scholarship purlieu its primary(pr enominal) to first consider the uniqueness of learners and how they learn.Physical milieusa) Space and materialsThe teacher should carry out into consideration who should be arranged in the rows and columns. The class arrangement matters a lot for sober pedagogics to occur. First, bookmans should be arranged facing the teacher for easy monitoring as the teacher is commandment. Secondly, the teacher should now all the bookmans individually and there by now the different problems the learners boast which cleverness sponsor him/her to plan the class. For cause scholarly persons with eye sight problems should sit where they ar comfortable in order to down the stairsstand the teacher hearty as suggested by Roger Hiemstra. Siegel has found that there is direct relationship in the midst of architecture and collaboration of teachers. The arrangement of piazza has immediately and distant reaching consequences for teachers. The arrangement of space has immediate and far r eaching consequences for teachers ability to efficiently and efficiently strive cursory activities the brass of social and professional considerations of the spaces where teachers meet and collaborate is just as important as the design of classroom.Desirable designs include having friendly environs and conformable areas, supervised private areas for students, as healthful as public areas that nurture a sense of community with particular attention to the color used. A safe class room should be inviting, have the necessary learnedness material readily accessible, eliminate or cover destructing features either inside or outside the class. come apart dousings should be countermanded because it encour ages laziness among students due to deficiency of proper supervision by the teacher. Therefore during class arrangements, at least(prenominal) there should be space where the teacher house move around and monitor the learners progress. in like manner thrash groups croupe be convenient for those learners that want to indulge in group work and words.b) sit opinion and types of furnitureKnight and Noyes performed a fill on class furniture in relation to childrens mien and seated positions betwixt traditional and ergonomically designed furniture. They found that children showed a signifi discharget melioration in t imply behavior and marked change in sitting positions succeeding(a) the new designed furniture that situates students to sit upright. In relation to sitting positions, Linton e tal(1994) didnt ob distri bute any different sitting position in the children in their study using ergonomically designed furniture was some(prenominal)(prenominal) comfortable. Chairs that are non upright encourage button of class concentration w thereof leaving room for poor class concentration.c) Use of visual items to enhance better understandingThe benefits arising from use of visuals for elusionful rags illustrations and others has pop the qu estiond multiple opportunities for children to process, formulate on and integrate teaching presented in a story since the mouth language is fleeting in comparison to a visual design of the same material according to Gersten and Baker. Obviously biology students stinkpott be taught the upshot on bones without even seeing a sample which there by illustrates visual items enhance understanding hence facilitate in effect(p) acquisition. A visual chat pass reading more pursualing and makes learners understand better what is being taught.d) Temperature and air feelingEarthman rates temperature, heating and air grapheme as the almost individual elements for student achievement in encyclopedism. A class that is well lit, warm when milieu is cool or cool when it is hot is more suitable to accommo time legal instruction. Furthermore if the classroom is up to date and watercourse applied science is available, the student allow for keep pace with their peers who have access to this equipment. Where classes are positioned in a give lessons matters a lot. Class next to staffrooms where teachers crack jokes support distract the students concentration and nurture in class. Classes should be situated in areas away from paths that distract bookmans. An employment is a class next to the main road leading to the main render impart always have cars people and this ordain hinder effective learning because students will always be staring at anything freeing outside instead of listening to the teacher. Police cars that enter in discipline will freak out students because they will always be curios on what is going to happen.e) LightingThere is a considerable amount of literary works relating to rent down and classroom. In relation to student suitability to learning, day light is seemed to have cocksure effect to the learners studying environment which is suitable for learning. in time day light source sack upt be had in class because its impractical . Benya suggested that for lighting to be effective, day light moldiness be supplemented automatically by controlled electric lighting that dims in chemical reaction to day light levels. Barmitt suggests that good lighting can besides be achieved by combination of direct and indirect lighting. Indoors lighting can be different depending on color and temperature its bringing and different light intensities.Jago and Tanner argue that the visual environment ventures a learners ability to perceive visual stimuli and mints his/her intellectual attitude and thus surgical procedure. Knez found evidence of lighting conditions that induced positive affect improved mental process. Web, defines fore various incidences of learners being hospitalized because of use of kerosene lamps which emitted smoke that is offensive to tender beings health. Results of the smoke include irritating eyes, coughing and chest aches due to the harmful smoke. All these can be overcome by installing good electric lighting systems which somehow have slighter side make hence enhancing favorable learning environments. f) Noise and its resolutionsNoise next to strident areas that cant be avoided can be reduced by several measures which include Using sound absorbing materials like carpets, under blocks, foam surfaces on carpentry bench nets in gross drive areas. Using sound barriers like carpets, furnished furniture, grass in outdoor areas, upholster dividers and acoustic tiles overly is an efficient way of controlling noise. A good instruct should separate noisy areas from the quite ones for warrant libraries should not be situated next to the play fields. Also laboratories should be separated from the kitchens to avoid contamination of intellectual nourishment. g) Color tally to some findings, colors in any case affect all individuals at two levels behavioral response and learned response. A behavioral response is a response thats automatic, inherited and not affected by age , sex, culture, financial considerations or environment. This type of response occurs naturally the individual is not aware of fashioning a response for instance using bright, intense colors e.g. red to decorate an infants room can prevent the infant from sleeping well(Chinazzarl 1998). This is not a surprising issue as the red color is seen to elevate rail line pressure according to liber man (1991)h) TeacherAccording to Talis, teachers beliefs, manages and attitudes are important for understanding and meliorate educational processes. They are near conjugate to teachers strategies for coping with challenges in their general wellbeing and they shape students learning environment and square up students motivation and achievement. Talis illustrates that galore(postnominal) studies have described candidates of article of faith practice which are related to effective classroom learning and student outcomes.Close monitoring, adequate pacing and classroom watchfulness as well as clarity of presentation, well-structured lessons, in formative and encouraging feedback has generally shown positive impact in student learning achievement while teachers provide learning opportunities, these must be recognized and utilized by the student to be effective. Motivation goals and outcomes have to be taken into account as well. Also researchers agree that the teacher is prudent for creating opportunities for interaction and talk among classmates and between students and the instructor. Vitale (2010) suggests that well planned and defined discussion questions help the students to understand the melt content, curiously the application of new knowledge to clinical practice situation. converseGalton et al, (1999) assumes that it is important for teachers to be able to communicate efficaciously with pupils, although it is sometimes less certain how this should be defined. Mooss (1979) evaluation of classroom environment addresses this since subscales relating to teac her behavior and classroom management such as teacher backing and rule clarity, clearly necessitate communication. A study of debauched behavior in a particular condition (Badger, 1992) found that some(prenominal) pupils and teachers often explained problem behavior in terms of failures of communication, with teachers advocating more discussion and improved relationships as ways to improve the situation. Another aspect of communication is that which goes on with parties outside the school.Effective communication has been highlighted as key to the improvement of schools in growth countries by Dalin et al (1994), though in this case it is communication with government and other authorities which is being suggested. More generally, communication with those beyond the school building is an issue referred to in the education literature, plainly again without necessarily examining the setting that whitethorn facilitate it. For instance, in his study of disruptive behavior, Badger (1992) found that teachers often mentioned that there was a requisite to improve relationships with provokes, while Idea (1970) argue for the importance of involving parents and the wider community in school design. Such intentions clearly involve more communication and are involved in the general issue of the schools place in the wider community, which has al vigorous been considered.Commonly abused Drugs and learningThe pub can be a source of some of the drugs like inebriant. inebriant has many set up on students who drink too much which whitethorn include staying out late and wakening up exhausted with a hangover. As a result, they may have a itemize of absences and their school work may suffer. Younger children may find it difficult to get ready for school without clean clothes or a ride, as the parent is hung over or drunk. As a result, truancy, delinquency, poor school performance may be present. Underachievement, emotional distance from peers and withdrawal may be notic ed.Drinking alcohol can lead to reduced coordination, slurred speech, woolly-headed vision, slower reaction times and an impaired memory. People under the influence of alcohol have less impulse control and impaired judgment. approximately of these cause are temporary while others are more long-lasting. Alcohol consumption can in any case lead to blackouts and lapses in memory. Long-term alcohol abuse can cause Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, which is a brain disorder that causes mental confusion. All this affects learners studies hence affecting the learning environment negatively. The American health check association recently announced that underage drinkers were found to have hippocampuses that were 10 percent smaller than non-drinkers. This matters when it comes to learning because the hippocampus is the part of the brain that is responsible for memory and learning. Because of the changes that the teen brain is going through, alcohol use can seriously damage long- and short-t erm growth processes.The brain isnt the only factor in a persons ability to learn. The outdoor(a) environment excessively plays a crucial role in find how much a person can and will learn. Alcohol use, especially among teenagers, can lead to social problems that can have long-term effects on learning. Underage drinking has been linked to poor academic performance and harmful behaviors such as illegal drug use and weak sexual behavior. These social problems can reduce the opportunities students have to learn as they may be denied access to certain educational offerings or agree their ability to get into schools or training programs. Alcohol use has been linked to higher truancy rates, which translate into fewer learning opportunities -Ways of reduction drug consumption in schoolsa. -Putting talk sessions to heighten the dangers of drugs to health and school studies -According to Bruce and David (2011), charge and counseling should act as pre refilling centers for the students because when they get to know the effects of a certain drugs to their health, definitely some group of students will change their minds and attitudes towards doing drugs like alcohol. This small achievement will later become huge because students do mostly what others do and a small change will bring an anti-drug environment which is a uprise to a good learning environment. Peers have a lot to accomplish in terms of behavior.The peers should be modeled to reinforce good behavior between them hence achieving positive results towards learning. Also according to Taylor (2001) students at youthfulness level tend to give in what other youths say compared to advice granted from people much older than them. Therefore an organization like the guidance and cancelling department should organize for people who are at least in a youthful age to give talks on effects of drugs. Chronicle addicts who have changed behavior due to the terrible effects of drugs can really touch some of the studen ts and hence initiate change in behavior among the students thus fostering good learning environments in the schools b. - stochastic register checks and school monitoring-Tricks like skipping classes and ditching preps for luxury in the pub can mostly be curbed down through this strategy. Random student registers also keep students on their toes and hence this reduces class absenteeism because of alcohol and other drugs. Students who are always absent and caught doing drugs should severely be punished for them to serve good examples to the school. Therefore addicts will always be afraid of being caught on the wrong hence reducing the number of drug addicts. - arc can be used to show examples of what happens to naughty behaviors. Expelled students bring their parents and hence their issues discussed by four parties which include the teacher, parent, student and school committee. From an effective coming upon resolutions can be make and learners can change behavior. c. Approach of d oing things that interest and occupy the students mind Charllottas, Web (2007) suggests that youth students are very tender people and in order to make them interact well with their environment they should be made part of the environment. Sessions where learners are supposed to meet teachers and air out issues affecting them is crucial in helping them with the effective environment issue. To facilitate learning, an entertainment hall can be built to run for the students refreshment needs hence vanishing ideas of dodging school and preps for the refreshments at the pub. Also during shows like talent shows one can make students gain interest in what they are best at and this will motivate students who energy not be that perfect in class and have eventually lost hope in studies.d. Putting age restrictions in refreshment areas and pubs Jordan (2009) gave out the onset that in order to immobilise students from drinking, the pub should enforce certain laws and restrictions. Through c ollaboration between the teachers and the pub supervisors, the pub attends should inform teachers of any suspicions that students might have been seen in the pub. Also the pub should enforce laws like no underage people are allowed in the pub. At the entrance, every person should produce identity tease to extinguish adults from the school kids. Effective learning experience Building quality pedagogy, learning and assement environment.Building quality teaching and learning environmentAccording to Oliver and Omar 1999, there is growing movement toward designing learning environments that recognize the communicative power of the internet to jut an active and constructive role for learners. Factors influencing learning experience include the quality of learner support systems, the assumption made by learners and educators around the experience itself, the educational design and support networks for learners and educators. Considering complexity of these factors can have on learnin g experience, possible resolutions to these issues tend to countenance and learning also, where assements task drive the learner and the technology support the learning process. Effective learning is used in the sense of bringing some change to professional practice. Investigation with teachers say that they experience were of the less effective forms of professional development. They include* passive didactic expenditure experiences where is an overreliance on outside expertise * external training events* one off training eventsThese experiences may result in a quick fix but they do not often result in lasting change and may in fact be counter product (Carnell 1999). The less effective forms of professional development are of low complexity context free. They are single track, usually focusing on content or skills and tangle witht require judgment. The more effective forms are of high complexity. These take into account teachers experiences and emotions and are dependent on the particular learning and social context. They are multi track, gist they focus on and connect different aspect of the context, development understanding, facilitate tearing and change. They require refection analysis, judgment, and dialog. Teachers need a virile knowledge base in child development which enables then to make decision regarding what activities, materials and experiences will be appropriated for children of various ages. Learners are mostly interested in the moving classical technological advancements. Books are crucial but also computers are making big strides in enhancing the students learning.Bransford, Brown, and Cocking illustrate four essential elements of effective learning environments they are learner- center on, knowledge centered, assessment centered and community centered. In a learner-centered learning environment, teachers take the knowledge and foregoing experiences of individual learners into account in their teaching and try to accommodate learner s strengths and interests. This approach is based on cognitive research findings that prior knowledge is the radix for constructing all new understanding. An example of a learner-centered approach might be a social studies teachers asking students about their daily routine as they study the human impact on the environment and how individual actions do make a difference on a global scale. In a knowledge-centered learning environment, teachers direct learning activities toward developing students deep understanding. Research has demonstrated that deep understanding is necessary for learners to keep back knowledge in a given situation and to fare it to new ones.This requires teachers to make a careful analysis of what they want learners to know and be able to do when they finish a learning activity or course and to provide students with the foundational knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed for the successful application and transfer of that learning. For example, a social studies teacher might focus a unit about the civil war on its causes and political context and to support this higher-level abstract understanding might ask can then guide students continue thinking and revision strategies.The importance of this aspect of an effective learning environment is supported by research findings that students who are active in and take charge of their learning can better regulate and improve their approaches and efforts. It is also consistent with research showing that students build new knowledge on existing knowledge and that the more visible their thinking is to them, the more effectively they can modify and refine it. For example, a social studies teacher might allow students multiple opportunities to demonstrate their developing understanding throughout a government unit by asking them to create and update a concept map of similarities and differences between local and state governance.In a community-centered learning environment, students need not only to feel safe to ask questions and to reveal their ideas and difficulties they have in understanding the subject matter, but also to develop norms of behavior that contribute to successful learning in that learning environment. Research shows that social interactions and norms within a community of learners will affect how learners approach their work and that connecting the curriculum to communities beyond the classroom will influence the degree of understanding that students develop. For example, a social studies teacher might put students in contact with other students from another culture or geographic setting to better understand the influence of culture on the topic they are studying. Therefore its of worth to recognize these four elements believed to support learning hence allowing teachers to improve upon their learning environments for more effective teaching and learning.SCHOOL CRISESa. Causes of school crisesThey include* Physical causes caused by school facilities for instan ce broken water pipes, cracked walls in campus, bad prepared food and many others. * Physiological and mental causes. A good example is better out of diseases like congenital diseases, emotional distance * Contextual causes involve crisis caused by social factors like if there was an aging population in a school district, there would be a decrease in the number of school aged pupils and hence the age enrollment rate. It might eventually lead to class reduction or even closure. If there are drug addicts near a school, teachers and students might be disgusted or even injured. * Ethical and moral causes losses resulted from behavior constitutes a violation of professional integrity among members of school. * Disorder causes if school members had low knowingness of school discipline and rules, low morale or the tendency to careless, procrastination and chaotic behavior may easily trigger off various kinds of accidental incident.b. Effects of school crisis* Physiological damage, health hazard, disability and apparently this will disrupt the learning environment because an upright person who becomes incapacitate will not be having what he/she had sooner the accidents * Property loss will disrupt the learning environment because subjects like chemistry will require lab practicles and without labs it will be hard to experiment. * Taking function which includes direct or indirect legal, economical and moral responsibility for example a school might have to take responsibilities if a pupil was injured during school activity. * Education damage involving relation between the school members deteriorates after the experience of the crisis.c. Managing school crises in order to foster learningCrisis management includes the measures and policies taken to deal with incidences that enviably disrupt learning. Siegel (1991) suggests that before running(a) on a crises management one should figure out nature, meaning and related variables of the school crises. Schools should eliminate all possible causes of risk, and convert them into inevitable and controllable variables. They should device long term preparation plans for preventing damages in future crises, and develop members ability to handle emergency situation effectively. As that world becomes more complicated and fast changing than ever before there is much increasing impact on current school operation, resulting in various kinds of school crises. School crises definitely do not support effective learning hence should be abolished as much as possible.Some of them are and foreseeable of which the management could devise necessary strategic or operational plans deal with , or arrange to heart and soul of insurance to compensate for loss while others are usually passive but may suddenly disrupt school operation or even cause injury and death or destruction of school property (Raffan, 1984) Through good school management most of these crisis can systematically predicted and managed, loss minimize d and operation and development of schools can also be maintained hence fostering good learning environment. The management tactics vary from among school crisis.Technology enhancing an effective learning environmentEducational technology has been cited to make major milestone in improving the learners learning environments. Educational technology includes hardware such as ain computers, smaller peripherals such as Global Positioning Systems (GPSs) and Personal digital Assistants (PDAs) that interface with computers and other equipment that can interface with such digital tools such as video cameras and VCRs. Also included in this definition is the package that runs on these devices and networks that allow them to send and share information among them. Bransford, Brown, and Cocking analyzed in their research that educational technology can make important contributions to effective learning environments hence they concluded that technology can enliven teaching and learning by facil itating the incorporation of real-world problems into the curriculum. Educational technology can help make a learning environment more learner-centered by providing a greater variety of resources that allows students to follow their own interests and build upon their strengths.It can also help teachers motivate students to work toward deep understanding or transfer by illustrating how what is under study in the classroom relates to the world beyond it such as by accessing real-time data on current events. Technology can help teachers meet students differentiated needs, by suffice as a tool for enrichment or review or for presenting information in additional formats. According to Driscoll (2002) and Rieber (1996) the research literature describes how educational technology can serve as a tool that supports learning by allowing the learner to engage in more complex than otherwise possible. For example, geographical Information Systems (GIS) can layer data about population constrict ion on top of information about political party tie and socio-economic status.Seeing such data simultaneously in tools such as GIS, or simulations, or computer-based micro worlds, can contribute to making a learning environment more knowledge-centered by helping students better see complex relationships and address more analytical questions than otherwise possible. The research summarized by Bransford, Brown, and Cocking has also shown that technology can make it easier for teachers to provide students with feedback about their work. For instance, it can aid in capturing performances for review and display, and it can provide multiple practice opportunities and track or calculate changes in performance along the way.It can also make it easier to communicate within and outside the classroom, providing additional opportunities for feedback in relation to Driscoll (2002)s opinion. Thus, technology can aid teachers in making an educational environment more assessment-centered. Networke d educational technology can also support communication among learners, as well as between their parents and their teachers. By allowing asynchronous and synchronous communication, whether by bulletin board, email, web pages, or chat rooms, technology can enable an exchange of ideas and questions and develop a sub-culture think on learning and on intellectual habits productive for learning. In these ways, educational technology can aid the development of a community-centered learning environment. goalA good learning environment is crucial to promoting effective learning. 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