Graduation Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Graduation Speech - Essay Example On the other hand, it is a day of joy given that we have finally come to the end of the journey we began 14 months ago. Today's event is the reason why each and every one of us has been here for the past 14 month. Therefore it is a time to celebrate our achievement. In May 2006, when we, cohort 4, commenced our studies, today was a far away dream. The thought of graduation itself was still extremely distant - there was no light at the end of the EMBA tunnel, only the beginning of a journey to a destination about which we were still unsure. We have great diversity in the group. Diverse in terms of gender (we have all the women from Iceland), age (26 to 48), experience, employment type (private, family, and corporation) and even unemployed member(s), political views (from support for Bush to French liberalism), 12 nationalities and sexual orientation ... WE'VE GOT IT COVERED! When we all first met at the end of May 2006, we did not know what to expect and what we would gain and lose on our journey. Therefore, I will now share the microphone with Ghosson, who will guide you through the experiences that have made today possible. Ghosson: Thank you Martin. This school is exceptional in giving the students a truly international point of view not only in business. Traveling to several places, we have learnt to open our minds. So now let us compare our assumptions with the reality. Traveling with SouthWest airlines in the US gave us the opportunity to see, how employee empowerment works in reality and how customer service expectations differ among people and nations. Visiting WTO in Geneva helped us to understand the state of affairs of international negotiations. Can you imagine 20 years ago people from the East, the far East and the very far East and the West sitting around the table with two African people, who are explaining to us why Russia and US cannot agree with each other in Doha round Exploring Beijing and Shanghai proved to us that China is a global player we have to take into account; some of us discovered the world of not only foot massage and pre-Olympic fever but also their exceptional customer service. Drawing our travels to a close in Moscow we were reminded that knowing the history (of a place) can help us to understand that even the most distant and unknown of things can be great if you make the effort to explore them. Seeing the ballet, visiting museums, dining in a casino are experiences that we will not forget. Thanks the diversity of our origins we have enough locations for reunions to last us several years, let us hope we meet in some of them and continue broaden our horizons. At the very beginning Beth Stoops gave us the most advanced English training and pushed us out of our comfort zone by teaching "Advanced Business Communications". We got to know that the right answer in most of the cases is - IT DEPENDS. In combination with the course called the "Communicating and Negotiating in a Multicultural World" taught by Denis Leclerc, taught us that "you become

Valentine’s Day Essay Example for Free

Valentine’s Day Essay Valentine day to me is a day full of love. It doesn’t matter if you don’t have a partner to share it with ,there people in your life that LOVE you like your mom, dad , brother , sister , uncle, aunt ,friends you have someone that LOVE you. And people you LOVE , we all live busy life forget sometime to really show someone or some people that you truly love them not because you don’t want to, its just life can go by so fast it good to have at least one day to stop think spread LOVE. You don’t have to buy anything special flower , candy , teddy bear etc using your voice to say a simply i LOVE you how much you are thankful to have them in your life there LOVE. Flowers always die , Candy gets eaten , teddy bear soon get in the way are thrown away but the words you said are remember kept in mind. Words are so powerful. So don’t stress on getting the perfect gift if you truly love this person they love you just as much all you need is each other , don’t stress if you don’t have a valentine or a boyfriend or girlfriend you could celebrate this day of LOVE with just about anyone you LOVE. The common saying is why don’t you show this person LOVE everyday why it has to be on valentine day , i understand that you should do that well at least make sure you say i love you cause you never know if that be the last time you could, were only human and tend to forget things get over whelm with LIFE. I am sure you forget to show people how much you love them to the fullest everyday.

What employers are looking for in a job applicant? :: essays research papers

What employers are looking for in a job applicant? Finding a job, whether it is the first, a return to work after years at home, or just another step in the career, is never easy. Most job seekers have a distorted sense of an employer’s priorities in making hiring decisions. Too many applicants put the emphasis on educational credentials and ignore the qualities employers seek with the keenest interest. What do employers look for in job candidates? What impresses them the most? Knowing what an employer wants and expects in job applicants can help them to prepare themselves for the interview. Experienced interviewers typically value maturity and stability. The way an applicant relates to the interviewer and the way he handles interview questions, follow-up calls and call-backs presents opportunities for an employer to observe and evaluate these subtle but critically important qualities. They can not be taught and there is no substitute. Loyalty is another very important quality an employer is looking for. Even loyal people switch jobs from time to time. But the people who do that once a year for no compelling reason lack loyalty to the companies that took chance in hiring them. Sure, exceptional circumstances warrant quick job switches, but a pattern of short stints is a dead gateway of a lack of loyalty. Employers simply can not afford to invest valuable training time, resources and compensation on workers who routinely stay less than two years. How an employee grooms and dresses is an excellent indication of his level of self-respect and respect for a professional business environment. Employers are humans, they would rather work with clean, neatly-dressed people than with slobs. Diligence and reliability are the qualities that hardly need explanation. Telltale signs include arriving on time for the interview, calling at the promised time or day, conscientiously following up in providing promised information. Employers need people who demonstrate enthusiasm and energy. They look for people who are willing to take the initiative to perform their job. If an employer feels that he will be constantly telling an employee to do something, he will likely not hire an applicant. Another reason for why an employer let an employee go is because the worker does not get along with others. Creativity is very important to most employers, because in business situations with customers, employees often have to respond to sudden changes and unfamiliar problems.

Vietnam Essay -- essays research papers

Vietnam War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Vietnam War was truly one of the most uncommon wars ever fought. This conflict was so hostile and ironic, that the official beginning and end could never be identified, or pinpointed. Likewise, the enemies and the allies looked exactly alike. This turmoil made everyone in the war confused, because â€Å"anyone† could be a friend by day, and foe by night. Additionally, what made the war so difficult was the tactics used by many soldiers. These tactics were called â€Å"Guerrilla Warfare,† which consisted of the simple process of â€Å"hide, shoot, and run.† Surprisingly, this fighting technique matched the skills of many of the best-trained soldiers from the opposite side.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Vietnam War fought between the communist North Vietnam, and the non-communist South Vietnam was supported by the United States. The main objective of the war was to contain the leader. Ho Chi Minh, was the leader of the â€Å"league for the independence of Vietnam,† generally known as the Viet Minh. The league was organized in 1941 as a â€Å"nationalistic party†; their goal was to seek Vietnamese independence from France.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  South Vietnam did not have the resources of modern military technology; therefore, the capacity of depending on themselves, was minimum. The United States were allied with South Vietnam, and they made a massive deployment, that begun in the spring of 1965. The deployment consisted of and initial wave of... Vietnam Essay -- essays research papers Vietnam War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Vietnam War was truly one of the most uncommon wars ever fought. This conflict was so hostile and ironic, that the official beginning and end could never be identified, or pinpointed. Likewise, the enemies and the allies looked exactly alike. This turmoil made everyone in the war confused, because â€Å"anyone† could be a friend by day, and foe by night. Additionally, what made the war so difficult was the tactics used by many soldiers. These tactics were called â€Å"Guerrilla Warfare,† which consisted of the simple process of â€Å"hide, shoot, and run.† Surprisingly, this fighting technique matched the skills of many of the best-trained soldiers from the opposite side.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Vietnam War fought between the communist North Vietnam, and the non-communist South Vietnam was supported by the United States. The main objective of the war was to contain the leader. Ho Chi Minh, was the leader of the â€Å"league for the independence of Vietnam,† generally known as the Viet Minh. The league was organized in 1941 as a â€Å"nationalistic party†; their goal was to seek Vietnamese independence from France.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  South Vietnam did not have the resources of modern military technology; therefore, the capacity of depending on themselves, was minimum. The United States were allied with South Vietnam, and they made a massive deployment, that begun in the spring of 1965. The deployment consisted of and initial wave of...

Management information system Introduction

IntroductionThe nature of implementation failure in information systems can typically range from project scenario development to final implementation.  The implementation failures range from concept generation stage where the idea is conceived, to defining budgets, software modifications and use of external consultants carefully.  The following sections describe the factors which directly or indirectly influences the system implementation failure.The implementation failure of an information system largely depends on the system project itself and the various external and internal factors which influences its existence and self being (Heeks, 2002). The various aspects which can be attributed for implementation failures are the following:1.  Ã‚   Top management leadership issues: The participation and interest of the higher management in getting the system implemented well through the initiation phases. The degree of ownership is largely lacking when it comes to active participati on and commitment.a.   Business case development failure: The commitment of higher management towards answering the business workflow model questions and simplifying the flow of their business is largely lacking. The amount of passion and determination impact the failure of the implementation.Solution: Defining the events of requirements gathering in terms of business words such as time, effort and money would make them aware of the implementation issues and their contribution in successful development of the system.b.   Lack of focus and involvement: After the system development project is provided to a vendor, it is usually taken for granted that the responsibilities of the top management is finished at that point and the vendor is completely responsible for getting across the ideas and come up with a deliverable.  Solution: Understanding the systems development process which solely involves the business flow model and their active participation.c.    Lack of proper metric s to determine performance:   Often the value added resources in the organization has an undefined cost associated with it. The cost of quality, inventory levels, throughput and flow, overall equipment effectiveness, on-time deliveries and customer satisfaction measures must be translated into time and cost.  Solution: Appropriate attachment of value to intangible resources in an organization must be done at all levels.2.  Ã‚   People issues:   The change management issues of people in an organization are quite responsible for implementation failures.a.  Ã‚   Averse towards change: The primary factor is the minds of people for whom the technology is implemented. If they are not able to take the change in a positive manner in affecting their working habits, the system would be rendered useless (Casey, 2005).Solution: Accepting the real world or digital challenges by the people to understand the positive challenges concerned with system output and employee output. The amount of long term success which a system would guarantee is unknowingly outstanding to organization.b.  Ã‚   Low Trust in system: The output level of the organization’s processes after the implementation of the system is taken as a probable issue and accounts for its failure.Solution: System must be operated in right spirit for its well being and use.3.  Ã‚   Deployment methods:a.  Ã‚   Weak deployment strategies: The strategies which are enforced in deploying the system in the organization is challenging to the general working of the present system. The correct ascertainment and the management perspective to the process for implementation and deployment of the system in the organization would be an important element in its success. The phased implementation seems to be always the best; however an information system and the associated organization must be well synchronized to implement the change.Solution: Determination by the software vendor in collaboration with the highe r management for deployment is a big issue which requires experience and commitmentb.  Ã‚   Lack of documentation and training:   The lack of documentation would result in mismanagement of information and project related activities. The lack of training would make the employees feel uncomfortable to the systems operations and functions (Laudon, 2002).  Solution : Proper attention to documentation and training must be taken care.ConclusionThe implementation failures rest on the shoulders of both the organization and the software vendor. Enough collaboration and positive differential thinking on both ends would result in making the right moves for implementation and reduce system failures.References / BibliographyCasey, Dermot (2005). Understanding the Situation ofInformation Systems Development Failure: A role for Pragmatism.Heeks, Richard (2002). Failure, Success and ImprovisationOf Information Systems Projects in Developing Countries.Laudon C. Kenneth and Jane P. Laudon (2002 ),Management Information System, 6th ed New York: Tata McGraw Hill.

Water for Elephants Book Club Discussion Questions

'Water for Elephants' Book Club Discussion Questions Water for Elephants by Sara Gruen is a must read a story about a 90-year-old man remembering his days with a circus during The Great Depression. Use these book club discussion questions on Water for Elephants to lead your book clubs conversation on the story.Spoiler Warning: These book club discussion questions reveal important details about Water for Elephants by Sara Gruen. Finish the book before reading on. Book Club Questions Water for Elephants moves between a story about a circus and a story about an old man in a nursing home. How do the chapters about the older Jacob enrich the story about Jacob’s adventure with the circus? How would the novel be different if Gruen had only written about the younger Jacob, keeping the story linear and never describing Jacob’s life as an old man?Did the chapters about the nursing home change how you think about older people? In what ways are the doctors and nurses condescending? How is Rosemary different? How do you treat older people?In chapter two, the twenty-three-year-old Jacob starts his story by telling us he is a virgin. From the cooch tent to the erections the older Jacob gets when being bathed, sexuality is woven into the whole story. Why do you think Gruen added these details? What role does sexuality play in Water for Elephants?When you first read the Prologue, who did you think murdered the man? Were you surprised by who the actual murderer was ?The book begins with a quote from Horton Hatches the Egg by Dr. Seuss: â€Å"I meant what I said, and I said what I meant†¦An elephant’s faithful- one hundred percent!† What is the role of faithfulness and loyalty in Water for Elephants? How do different characters define loyalty? (Jacob, Walter, Uncle Al). Why does Jacob get so mad about Mr. McGuinity lying about carrying water for elephants? Do you see any similarities of temperament between the young Jacob and the old Jacob?In what ways is Water for Elephants a survival story? A love story? An adventure?Water for Elephants has a happy ending for Jacob, but not for many other characters. Discuss Walter and Camel’s fates. How does tragedy fit into the story?There is an â€Å"us and them† mentality in the circus between performers and workers. How does Jacob bridge these two classes of people? Why does each group hate another group? Does the circus merely mirror society in an exaggerated way?Are you satisfied with the end?In the Author’s Note, Gruen writes that many of the details in the story are factual or come from circus workers’ anecdotes. These true stories include the hippo pickled in formaldehyde, the deceased fat lady being paraded through town and an elephant who repeatedly pulled out her stake and stole lemonade. Gruen did extensive research before writing Water for Elephants. Was her story believable? Rate Water for Elephants on a scale of 1 to 5.

A Competitive Analysis of Trading in Reliance Money

A Competitive Analysis of Trading in Reliance Money Free Online Research Papers ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Preservation, inspiration and motivation have always played a key role in the success of any venture. In the present world of competition and success, training is like a bridge between theoretical and practical working; willingly I prepared this particular Project. First of all I would like to thank the supreme power, the almighty god, who is the one who has always guided me to work on the right path of my life. I would like to thank Mr. Sandeep Saini (Centre Manager) for granting me permission to undertake the training in their esteemed organization. I also thanks to Mr. Arpan Sethi (finance Head), Mr. Vikas of Reliance Money for their time-to-time guidance and support in completing the project. I also thank the other staff of Reliance Money, Ambala who devoted their valuable time by helping me to complete my project. I express my sincere thanks to Dr. Raj Kumar Goyal (Director) and Mr. Adrash aggarwal (Head of department), Ms. Neetu Menhdiratta (Faculty Guide) of M.B.A. department, for the valuable suggestion and making this project a real successful. Last but not least, my sincere thanks to My Parents and Friends who directly or indirectly helped me to bring this project into the final shape. VIPIN GOYAL DATE:- PREFACE â€Å"A good broker system must be able to cope with an extremely complex and dynamic environment.† The microstructure of the stock market in which brokers work is highly dynamic and volatile. Many stocks are available to be bought and sold, each exhibiting its own patterns and characteristics that are highly unpredictable. With so many options and considerations that need to be taken into account, it is an extremely difficult task for a broker to investigate aspects of the stock market and consistently provide effective advice to their clients. Thus, brokers perform their day-to-day tasks with the aid of a broker system. Such a system should provide tools for interacting with exchanges and performing analysis. As a consequence, these broker systems are quite large and complicated by themselves. This research aims to analysis Stock broker on the basis of their services, products, growth, and their competitiveness. Because Stockbrokers are one of the main participants in stock exchanges worldwide, they often act as an agent for their clients, making trades on their behalf. They also act as advisors, providing suggestions to their clients on what stocks to buy and sell. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY There is growing competition between brokerage firms in post reform India. For investor it is always difficult to decide which brokerage firm to choose. Research was carried out to find which brokerage house people prefer and to figure out what people prefer while investing in stock market. This study suggests that people are reluctant while investing in stock and commodity market due to lack of knowledge. Main purpose of investment is returns and liquidity, commodity market is less preferred by investors due to lack of awareness. The major findings of this study are that people are interested to invest in stock market but they lack knowledge. Through this report we were also able to understand, what are our Company’s (Reliance Money) positive and strong points, on the basis of which we come to know what can be the basis of pitching to a potential client. CONTENTS Declaration Acknowledgement Preface Certificate by Company Executive Summary CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO TOPIC 1 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3-6 Objective of the study Type of the research Sample design Sample area Sample unit Size of sample Sources of data collection Survey method Limitations of the study CHAPTER 4 INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRY 7-16 Major Players in the Region ? Karvy ? ICICI Direct ? Indiainfoline ? HDFC Security ? Indiabulls Comparison with Competitors Market Share CHAPTER 5 INTRODUCTION TO COMPANY 17-30 Management Team of the company BOD of the company Vision Mission Highlights of company Organization Structure Products CHAPTER 6 DATA ANALYSIS FINDINGS 31-47 Data analysis Findings CHAPTER 7 SUGGESTIONS 48 CHAPTER 8 CONLUSION 49 Bibliography 50 Appendix 52-54 INTRODUCTION TO TOPIC I In most industrialized countries, a substantial part of financial wealth is not managed directly by savers, but through a financial intermediary, which implies the existence of an agency contract between the investor (the principal) and a broker or portfolio manager (the agent). Therefore, delegated brokerage management is arguably one of the most important agency relationships intervening in the economy, with a possible impact on financial market and economic developments at a macro level. In most of the metros, people like to put their money in stock options instead of dumping it in the bank-lockers. Now, this trend pick pace in small but fast developing cities like Chandigarh, Gurgaon, Jaipur, Ambala etc. My research is based on the residents of Ambala and its nearby areas. As the per-capita-income of the city is on the higher side, so it is quite obvious that they want to invest their money in profitable ventures. On the other hand, a number of brokerage houses make sure the hassle free investment in stocks. Asset management firms allow investors to estimate both the expected risks and returns, as measured statistically. There are mainly two types of Portfolio management strategies. 1. Passive Portfolio Strategy 2. Active Portfolio Strategy 1. Passive Portfolio Strategy: A strategy that involves minimal expectation input, and instead relies on diversification to match the performance of some market index. A passive strategy assumes that the marketplace will reflect all available information in the price paid for securities 2. Active Portfolio Strategy: A strategy that uses available information and forecasting techniques to seek a better performance than a portfolio that is simply diversified broadly. LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Dr. Jayanta Kumar Seal explore equity trading in India was basically a floor-based activity in the BSE. Traditionally, stock trading was done through stock brokers, personally or through telephones. As the no. of people trading in stock market increased enormously in last few years, a no. of stock brokers comes in the field, thus increasing further competition. Due to this, there come new innovations in trading. In this scenario, the existing players are left with two options-either to change their product offerings or to perish. 2. Ravinder Kumar Nidhi Walia found Indian investors are more conservative; they do not adopt any change easily. Till now just few investors can be recognized who are using technology for online stock trading. Traditional traders still prefer to choose broker as a stock trading mechanism because they are more loyal to their broker. Online trading empowers educated investors to make their own decisions with close watch on market sensitivity by browsing through various sites. 3. Ms. Nidhi Walia explores that with IT fueling economy, internet is adopted as effective tool in catalyzing the business activities. Latest developments in information technology have altogether changed business done traditionally. As financial system is becoming more complex it has become need of hour, where investor should comprehend the data and understand recent intricacies of online trading. In Indian context, e-trading is relatively new concept, which has yet to gain some significant meaning. In the past, investor had no option to get market information except to contact local broker. But internet trading in stock trading is becoming medium of exchange whereby investor can order stock exchange on simple mouse click sitting at his place. Keeping in view current market requirement an attempt has been made in this research paper to analyze current status of online trading in Indian scenario. 4. Mr. Ajay Kumar through this research finds which brokerage house people prefer and to figure out what people prefer while investing in stock market. This study suggests that people are reluctant while investing in stock and commodity market due to lack of knowledge. Main purpose of investment is returns and liquidity, commodity market is less preferred by investors due to lack of awareness. The major findings of this study are that people are interested to invest in stock market but they lack knowledge. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Objective of Study Each research study has its own specific purpose. It is like to discover to Question through the application of scientific procedure. But the main aim of our research to find out the truth that is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet. Our research study has following objectives:- Primary Objective: To know about the competitive position of the Reliance Money in competitive market. Secondary Objective: 1. To know the market share of different players in Share Market. 2. To study the services offered by different players to the customer. 3. TO access how Reliance Money is better than others competitors. 4. To check satisfaction level of customers of different players. TYPES OF RESEARCH The research is based on Descriptive and Qualitative research. Descriptive Research: Descriptive research includes surveys and fact finding enquires of different kinds. The major purpose of descriptive research is description of the state of affairs as it exists at present. Researcher has no control over the variables of this type of research. Qualitative Research: The research needs comparison between different stock brokers. So this is based on all qualitative data. In short, Qualitative research is especially important in the behavioral sciences where the aim is to discover the underline motives of human behavior. Through such research we can analyses various factors which motivate to people to behave in a particular manner or which make people like or dislike a particular thing. SAMPLE DESIGN â€Å"A sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population. It refers to the technique or the procedure the researcher would adopt in selecting item for the sample† Generally Sample designs are two types 1. PROBABILITY SAMPLE DESIGN 2. NON PROBABILITY SAMPLE DESIGN In the research Non-probability research design is used. SAMPLING AREA Sampling area may be a geographical one, such as state, district, village etc. The researcher will have to decide one or more of such area that he has to select for his study. In this research study Ambala as a sampling area. SAMPLING UNIT Sampling unit may be defined as an individual, pair or group of persons included as respondent. In this research study General Investors are the sampling units. SIZE OF SAMPLE â€Å"This refers to the number of items to be selected from the universe to constitute a sample† In the present research sample size is 100. But the research also study the 5 stock broker companies related to security commodity market like India-infoline, ICICI direct, HDFC-securities, Karvy consultant ltd. and indiabulls for the appropriate collection of the information. SOURES OF DATA COLLECTION While deciding about the method of data collection to be used for the study the researcher should keep to types of data. 1. Primary Data. 2. Secondary Data. Research uses primary data, as well as secondary data. Primary means collected as fresh, and the first time data and secondary means which are already available like annual report, magazines, internet, previously researches etc. SURVEY METHOD Survey refers to the method of securing information concerning phenomena under study from all or selected number of respondents of the concerned area. In a survey the investigator examines those phenomena which exist in the universe independent of his action. Research uses the Questionnaire Method. LIMITATIONS OF STUDY ? As only Ambala dealt in survey so it does not represent the view of the total Indian market. ? Size of the research may not be substantial. ? There was lack of time on the part of respondents. ? The survey was carried through questionnaire and the questions were based on perception. ? There may be biasness in information by market participant. ? Complete data was not available due to company privacy and secrecy. ? Customer dissatisfied with the services. ? People fear that as Reliance Money is a Private company so their money is not secured. ? Insurance means LIC for people. ? Misguidance by agents. ? Lacks of motivation as false commitments were made to customer by the company. INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRY The emergence of stock market can be traced back to 1830. In Bombay, business passed in the shares of banks like the commercial bank, the chartered mercantile bank, the chartered bank, the oriental bank and the old bank of Bombay and shares of cotton presses. In Calcutta, Englishman reported the quotations of 4%, 5%, and 6% loans of East India Company as well as the shares of the bank of Bengal in 1836. This list was a further broadened in 1839 when the Calcutta newspaper printed the quotations of banks like union bank and Agra bank. It also quoted the prices of business ventures like the Bengal bonded warehouse, the Docking Company and the storm tug company. Between 1840 and 1850, only half a dozen brokers existed for the limited business. But during the share mania of 1860-65, the number of brokers increased considerably. By 1860, the number of brokers was about 60 and during the exciting period of the American Civil war, their number increased to about 200 to 250. The end of American Civil war brought disillusionment and many failures and the brokers decreased in number and prosperity. It was in those troublesome times between 1868 and 1875 that brokers organized an informal association and finally as recited in the Indenture constituting the â€Å"Articles of Association of the Exchange†. On or about 9th day of July, 1875, a few native brokers doing brokerage business in shares and stocks resolved upon forming in Bombay an association for protecting the character, status and interest of native share and stock brokers and providing a hall or building for the use of the members of such association. As a meeting held in the broker’ Hall on the 5th day of February, 1887, it was resolved to execute a formal deal of association and to constitute the first managing committee and to appoint the first trustees. Accordingly, the Articles of Association of the Exchange and the Stock Exchange was formally established in Bombay on 3rd day of December, 1887. The Association is now known as â€Å"The Stock Exchange†. The entrance fee for new member was Re.1 and there were 318 members on the list, when the exchange was constituted. The numbers of members increased to 333 in 1896, 362 in 1916and 478 in 1920 and the entrance fee was raised to Rs.5 in 1877, Rs.1000 in 1896, Rs.2500 in 1916 and Rs. 48,000 in 1920. At present there are 23 recognized stock exchanges with about 6000 stock brokers. Organization structure of stock exchange varies. 14 stock exchanges are organized as public limited companies, 6 as companies limited by guarantee and 3 are non-profit voluntary organization. Of the total of 23, only 9 stock exchanges have been permanent recognition. Others have to seek recognition on annual basis. These exchange do not work of its own, rather, these are run by some persons and with the help of some persons and institution. All these are down as functionaries on stock exchange. These are 1. Stockbrokers 2. sub-broker 3. market makers 4. Portfolio consultants etc. 1.) Stockbrokers Stock brokers are the members of stock exchanges. These are the persons who buy, sell or deal in securities. A certificate of registration from SEBI is mandatory to act as a broker. SEBI can impose certain conditions while granting the certificate of registrations. It is obligatory for the person to abide by the rules, regulations and the buy-law. Stock brokers are commission broker, floor broker, arbitrageur etc. Detail of registered brokers Total no. of registered brokers as on 31.03.2008 Total no. of sub-brokers as on 31.03.2008 9000 24,000 2.) Sub-broker A sub-broker acts as agent of stock broker. He is not a member of a stock exchange. He assists the investors in buying, selling or dealing in securities through stockbroker. The broker and sub-broker should enter into an agreement in which obligations of both should be specified. Sub-broker must be registered SEBI for a dealing in securities. For getting registered with SEBI, he must fulfill certain rules and regulation. 3.) Market Makers Market maker is a designated specialist in the specified securities. They make both bid and offer at the same time. A market maker has to abide by bye-laws, rules regulations of the concerned stock exchange. He is exempt from the margin requirements. As per the listing requirements, a company where the paid-up capital is Rs. 3 crore but not more than Rs. 5 crore and having a commercial operation for less than 2 years should appoint a market maker at the time of issue of securities. 4.) Portfolio consultants A combination of securities such as stocks, bonds and money market instruments is collectively called as portfolio. Whereas the portfolio consultants are the persons, firms or companies who advise, direct or undertake the management or administration of securities or funds on behalf of their clients. MAJOR PLAYERS IN THE REGION 1. Karvy 2. ICICI direct 3. Indiainfoline 4. HDFC security 5. Indiabulls KARVY KARVY is a premier integrated financial services provider, and ranked among the top five in the country in all its business segments, services over 16 million individual investors in various capacities, and provides investor services to over 300 corporate, comprising the who is who of Corporate India. Karvy has a professional management team and ranks among the best in technology, operations and research of various industrial segments. History of Karvy The birth of Karvy was on a modest scale in 1981. It began with the vision and enterprise of a small group of practicing Chartered Accountants who founded the flagship company, Karvy Consultants Limited. They started with consulting and financial accounting automation and carved inroads into the field of registry and share accounting by 1985. Since then, Karvy utilized its experience and superlative expertise to go from strength to strength, to better their services, to innovate, diversify and in the process, evolved as one of India’s premier integrated financial service enterprise. PRODUCT AND SERVICES OF KARVY GROUP 1. Karvy comtrade. 2. Karvy consultant ltd. 3. Karvy merchant banking. 4. Karvy global services ltd. ICICI DIRECT ICICI Web Trade Limited (IWTL) maintains www.icicidirect.com (herein after referred to as the Website) whereas IWTL is an affiliate of ICICI Bank Limited and the Website is owned by ICICI Bank Limited. IWTL has launched and established an online trading service on the Website. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OF ICICI DIRECT 1. Investing in Mutual funds 2. Personal Finance 3. Customer Service Features 4. IPO’s 5. Margin Trading 6. Margin PLUS Trading 7. Call Trade 8. Trading on NSE/BSE 9. Trade in derivatives INDIAINFOLINE SECURITY PRIVATE LTD India Infoline.com Securities Pvt. Ltd. is a wholly owned subsidiary of India Infoline.com Ltd and is the stock broking arm of India Infoline.com. The subsidiary was formed to comply with regulatory guidelines. www.5paisa.com is a focused website for online stock market trading. 5paisa.com is a trade name owned by the India Infoline.com group. IILSPL has applied for trading membership of the BSE under Securities and Exchange Board of India (Stock Brokers and Sub-Brokers) Rules 1992. IILSPL is in the business of providing broking services online via the Internet (E-broking Services) and has been permitted by the NSE by way of registration permission no: NSEIL/CMO/INET/1103/2000 dated 03/July/2000, and will be applying for permission to the BSE, to provide E-broking Services to its clients. IILSPL is a TRADING MEMBER of the National Stock Exchange of India. PRODUCT OFFERED BY IILSPL 1. Stock market:- IILSPL deals in stock market by trading in equity and derivatives. 2. Personal finance:- It Deals In Mutual Fund And Insurance. 3. Online Trading :- It provides services in stock and commodity trading (through Internet). HDFC SECURITY HDFC security is the subsidiary of HDFC (Housing Development Financial Corporation). www.hdfcsec.com would have an exclusive discretion to decide the customers who would be entitled to its online investing services. www.hdfcsec.com also reserves the right to decide on the criteria based on which customers would be chosen to participate in these services .The present web site (www.hdfcsec.com) contains features of services that they offer/propose to offer in due course. The launch of new services is subject to the clearance of the regulators. i.e. SEBI, NSE and BSE. PRODUCT OFFERED BY HDFC SECURITY 1. Online trading for Resident Non Resident Indians. 2. Cash-n-Carry on both NSE and BSE. 3. Day trading on both NSE and BSE. 4. Trade on Futures Options on the NSE. 5. Online IPOs. 6. Telephone-based Broking (Equity Derivatives). INDIABULLS SECURITIES LIMITED Indiabulls Securities Limited was incorporated as GPF Securities Private Limited on June 9, 1995. The name of the company was changed to Orbis Securities Private Limited on December 15, 1995 to change the profile of the company and subsequently due to the conversion of the company into a public limited company; the name was further changed to Orbis Securities Limited on January 5, 2004. The name of the company was again changed to Indiabulls Securities Limited on February 16, 2004 so as to capitalize on the brand image of the term â€Å"Indiabulls† in the company name. ISL is a corporate member of capital market derivative segment of The National Stock Exchange of India Ltd. At present, ISL accounts for approximately 3% of the total daily turnover of the Exchange with 32,359 client relationships and 70 branches spread across the country as of April 30, 2004. INDIABULLS CREDIT SERVICES LIMITED:- Indiabulls Credit Services has been valued at Rs. 263 crore with the Rs. 87.6-crore infusion. Indiabulls Credit Services Ltd, the recently formed subsidiary of broking firm, Indiabulls Financial Services Ltd. Faralon Capital, a San Francisco-based private equity fund, and its affiliates have acquired 33.3 per cent stake for Rs 87.6 crore. INDIABULLS REAL ESTATE:- Indiabulls through its group companies has entered Indian Real Estate business in 2005. It is currently evaluating several large-scale projects worth several hundred million dollars. Indiabulls became the first company to bring FDI in Indian Real Estate through a JV with Farallon Capital Management, a respected US based investment firm. PRODUCT OFFERED BY INDIA BULLS 1. Equity Debt Stock Broking 2. Insurance 3. Commodity trading 4. Depository Services 5. Derivatives Broking Services 6. Equity Research Services 7. Mutual Fund Distribution 8. IPO Distribution COMPARISON WITH COMPETITORS reliance money icici direct hdfc india bulls indiainfoline karvy DELIVERY .01% .40-.85% .75-1.0% .35% 0.3-0.5% 1% INTRADAY .01% .02-.04% .05% .035% 0.03-0.05% 0.1% AMC 200 750 600 350-750 500 350 Exposure 5 4 4-6 4-10 6 6 Software free Only for esteemed n.a. 750/p.m. 1000 1800/p.a. Online trading yes Yes yes yes yes yes Min. balance nil 5000(q) 5000 n.a. 5000 5000 MARKET SHARE Indiabulls is the market leader; about 37% of the investors are using the services of Indiabulls, followed by ICICI Direct with 32% customer’s base. According to various studies ICICI Direct is the major competitive of Indiabulls. Reliance Money is gaining its share which is currently at 3.9% market share. INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPANY The Reliance – Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group is among India’s top three private sector business houses on all major financial parameters, with a market capitalisation of Rs 100,000 crore (US$ 22 billion), net assets in excess of Rs 31,500 crore (US$ 7 billion), and net worth to the tune of Rs 27,500 crore (US$ 6 billion). Reliance Money Limited has been promoted by Reliance Capital Limited a part of Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group with the Net-worth – Rs. 4500 cr., amongst the top 3 banking financial services companies in the private sector. Management Team Chairman : Mr. Anil Dhirubhai Ambani CEO : Mr. Sudip Bandhupadhyay Deputy CEO : Mr. Kapil Bali National Head : Mr. Anshu Azare Regional Head : Mr. Ritu Raj chauhan Cluster Head : Navdeep Kaur Center Managers : Sandeep saini BOARD OF DIRECTORS Anil Ambani, Chairman Amitabh Jhunjhunwala, Vice-Chairman Rajendra Chitale, Independent Director Shri C. P. Jain Shri. P N Ghatalia Reliance Capital Ltd Reliance Capital is one of India’s leading and fastest growing private sector financial services companies, and ranks among the top 3 private sector financial services and banking companies, in terms of net worth. Reliance Capital has interests in asset management and mutual funds, life and general insurance, private equity and proprietary investments, stock broking and other activities in financial services. Reliance Capital entered into lucrative online trading business with Reliance money. There are mixed reports about this online trading platform. It shook up online trading business with cheap brokerage charge offer. Business Overview RCL is registered as a depository participant with National Securities Depository Ltd (NSDL) and Central Depository Services Ltd (CDSL) under the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Depositories and Participants) Regulations, 1996. RCL has sponsored the Reliance Mutual Fund within the framework of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Mutual Fund) Regulations, 1996.RCL primarily focuses on funding projects in the infrastructure sector and supports the growth of its subsidiary companies, Reliance Capital Asset Management Limited, Reliance Capital Trustee Co. Limited, Reliance General Insurance Company Limited and Reliance Life Insurance Company Limited. As of March 31, 2005, the company’s investment in infrastructure projects stood at Rs. 1071 Crores. The investment portfolio of RCL is structured in a way that realizes the highest post-tax return on its investments. Reliance Capital Ltd. is one of India’s leading and amongst the fastest growing private sector financial services companies, and ranks among the leading private sector financial services and banking companies, in terms of net worth. Reliance Capital Ltd. has interests in asset management and mutual funds, life and general insurance, private equity and proprietary investments, stock broking and other financial services. Reliance Money limited Reliance Money, a Reliance Capital company, is part of the Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group Reliance Money commenced commercial operations in April 2007. It is a comprehensive financial services and solution provider providing customers with access to Equity, Equity and Commodity Derivatives, Portfolio Management Services, Mutual Funds, IPOs, Life and General Insurance and Gold Coins. Customers can also avail Loans, Credit Card, Money Transfer and Money Changing services. The largest broking house in India with over 2.5 million customers and a wide network of over 10,000 outlets and 20,000 touch points in 5,000+ locations. Reliance Money endeavors to change the way investors transact in financial markets and avails financial services. The average daily volume on the stock exchanges is Rs. 2,000 crores, representing approximately 3% of the total stock exchange volume. Reliance Capital is one of Indias leading and fastest growing private sector financial services companies, and ranks among the top 3 private sector financial services and banking groups, in terms of net worth. â€Å"Success is a journey, not a destination.† If we look for examples to prove this quote then we can find many but there is none like that of Reliance Money. The company which is today known as the largest financial service provider of India. Success sutras of Reliance Money The success story of the company is driven by 9 success sutras adopted by it namely Trust, Integrity, Dedication, Commitment, Enterprise, Hard work, Home work, Team work play, Learning and Innovation, Empathy and Humility and last but not the least it’s the Network . Vision of Reliance Money To achieve sustain market leadership, Reliance Money shall aim for complete customer satisfaction, by combining its human and technological resources, to provide world class quality services. In the process Reliance Money shall strive to meet and exceed customers satisfaction and set industry standards. Mission statement â€Å"Our mission is to be a leading and preferred service provider to our customers, and we aim to achieve this leadership position by building an innovative, enterprising , and technology driven organization which will set the highest standards of service and business ethics.† Highlights of Reliance Money The highlights of Reliance moneys offerings are: 1. Cost-effective The fee charged by the affiliates of Reliance Money, through whom the transactions can be placed, is among the lowest charged in the present scenario. Pay a flat fee of just Rs. 500/- valid for 2 months or specified transactional value. The facility of trading is subject to expiry of the validity period or value limit, whichever comes first. Illustrations depicting fee structure and validity limits Access fee- Rs. 500 Validity- Time validity of 2 months or Turnover validity of Rs. 1 cr., whichever is earlier Turnover limit- Non-delivery turnover of Rs. 90 lac, Delivery turnover of Rs. 10 lac Access fee- Rs. 1350 Validity- Time validity of 6 months or Turnover validity of Rs. 3 cr., whichever is earlier Turnover limit- Non-delivery turnover of Rs. 2.7 cr., Delivery turnover of Rs. 30 lakh Access fee- Rs. 2500 Validity- Time validity of 12 months or Turnover validity of Rs. 6 cr., whichever is earlier Turnover limit- Non-delivery turnover of Rs. 5.4 cr., Delivery turnover of Rs. 60 lakh Unutilized delivery limit may be added to Non-delivery limit 2. Convenience You have the flexibility to access Reliance Money services in multiple ways: through the Internet, Transaction Kiosks, Call Transact (phone) or seek assistance through our Business Partners 3. Security Reliance Money provides secure access through an electronic token that flashes a unique security number every 32 seconds (and ensures that the number used for earlier transaction is discarded). This number works as a third level password that keeps your account extra safe 4. Single window for multiple products Reliance Money, through its affiliates/partners, facilitates transactions in Equity, Equity Commodity Derivatives, Offshore Investments, Mutual Funds, IPOs, Life Insurance and General Insurance products. All overseas investments are subject to rules, regulations and guidelines of the Reserve Bank of India as laid down from time to time 5. 3 in 1 integrated access Reliance Money offers integrated access to your banking, trading and demat account. You can transact without the hassle of writing cheques Demat account with Reliance Capital Hassles free demat account with Reliance Capital. The Annual Maintenance Charge for the Demat Account is just Rs. 50/- per annum 6. Other Services Through the portal www.reliancemoney.com, Reliance Money provides: a. Reliable research, including views of external experts with an enviable track record b. Live news from Reuters and Dow Jones c. CEOs/experts views on the economy and financial markets d. The Personal finance section provides tools that help you plan your investments, retirement, tax, etc e. Analyze your risk profile through the Risk Analyzer f. Get a suitable investment portfolio using the Asset Allocator KEY BENEFITS OF RELIANCE MONEY Equity is a share in the ownership of a company. It represents a claim on the company’s assets and earnings. As you acquire more stock, your ownership stake in the company increases. The terms share, equity and stock mean the same thing and can be used interchangeably. Holding a company’s stock means that you are one of the many owners (shareholders) of a company, and, as such, you have a claim (to the extent of your holding) to everything the company owns. Yes, this means that technically, you own a portion of every piece of furniture; every trademark; every contract, etc. of the company. As an owner, you are entitled to your share of the company’s earnings as well as any voting rights attached to the stock. Another extremely important feature of equity is its limited liability, which means that, as a part-owner of the company, you are not personally liable if the company is not able to pay its debts. In case of other entities such as partnerships, if the partnership goes bankrupt, the partners are personally liable towards the creditors/lenders and they may have to sell off their personal assets like their house, car, furniture, etc., to make good the loss. In case of holding equity shares, the maximum value you can lose is the value of your investment. Even if a company of which you are a shareholder goes bankrupt, you can never lose your personal assets. Reliance Money gives you the access to Over 5000 Schemes of 28 Assets Management Companies (AMCs) with just one account. Some of them included are. Portfolio Tracker Manage your mutual fund portfolio from the Reliance Money account. Benefit from live valuation and alerts and also track NAVs of any scheme online. Choice of investment strategies From just two scheme types (equity scheme and debt scheme) offered when the mutual fund industry was conceived more than four decades ago, today, mutual funds offer a plethora of scheme types with different investment strategies. Life Insurance Reliance Money Account gives you the advantage of buying policies from 12 different Life Insurance companies, helping you get unbiased opinion. General Insurance Reliance Money Account also extends the product offerings from 10 General Insurance Companies with exhaustive range of insurance products that covers most risks including Motor, Health, Property, Marine, Casualty and Liability. Over the Counter Products Your Reliance Money Account makes it so simple for you to buy insurance products that it’s as easy as buying something over the counter. RelianceMoney.com is offering most dynamic web based trading environment to its customers. The new trading platform has many new features which basically fill up the gap between old online trading companies in India and their customers. The Reliance Money trading websites comes with special security features Security Token, which makes you online trading experience more secure without complexity. Stock Trading is available in BSE and NSE. Offline trading is also available through Reliance Money partners in your city and through phone by dialing 022-39886000. TYPE OF ACCOUNT Reliance money is offering 3 types of accounts to its customers. Account for beginners, for meddlers and for experts. How to open account with Reliance Money? Account opening with Reliance Money is easy. Simply fill a form online at below address and somebody from Reliance Money will contact you soon. Advantages of Reliance Money 1. Extra security features with Security which is the most secures and tested technology in computer world. 2. Simple, easy and fast online stock trading. 3. Almost all investment options are available under one account including Equity Trading, Derivatives, Forex, Commodity, IPO, Mutual Funds and Insurance. 4. Branches are now available in all major cities and the number is growing. Branches are open from 9am to 9pm. Online trading is presently at its nascent stage and is not the most preferred option for financial transactions owing to security concerns and lack of accessibility points. Reliance Money through this hi-speed, technologically secure kiosks will therefore be able to reach out to all its existing and potential customers at even the remotest locations in the country without compromising on the security of its customer’s funds. Why should you choose Reliance Money? 1. Because it is from Reliance. Reliance capital has big plans regarding this business. It may announce attractive offers to gain market share. Reliance will never enter into a business with small plans. 2. Its brokerage charges are lowest in the country among major providers. With Rs 2500 prepaid amount, you can trade for Rs 5 crore. 3. Site is simple in design, fast to access and easy to find required information. 4. Its daily reports on market trends and technical breakouts are very useful. 5. Website content is divided according to the requirements of experts and beginners. 6. You can trade in Forex, Derivatives, Mutual funds, IPO and buy Insurance. Why should you stay away from reliance Money? 1. The trading platform is still in development stage. There are many bugs needs to be rectified. 2. Its â€Å"Insta trade† service is not up to the standard. Reliance Money software is a java based simple software. It should provide advanced software to meet the needs of advanced traders. 3. Its system is sometimes very slow and orders are not placed at the time. 4. Its market watch solution is a way behind its competitors like Money control and ICICIdirect. 5. Its service people are not as efficient as competitors. 6. It is still not providing options to buy Post office savings. 7. It is recommending few stocks even when stock markets are on roll. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Reliance ADA Group Structure Products PRODUCTS offered by Reliance Money are: 1. Trading Portal (with almost negligible brokerage ) Equity Broking Commodity Broking Derivatives ( Futures Options ) Offshore Investments (Contract For Differences) D-Mat Account. 2. Financial Products Mutual Funds Life Insurance o ULIP plan o Term Plan o Money Back Plan General Insurance o Vehicle/Motor Insurance o Health Insurance o House insurance IPO’s NFOs 3. Value-Added Services Retirement Planning Financial Planning Tax Saving Children Future Planning 4. Credit Cards 5. Gold coins retailing DATA ANALYSIS The data after collection has proposed analyzed in accordance with the outline laid down for the purpose at the time of developing the research plan. The data collected in the stated manner tabulated according to the corresponding variables. The table thus prepared were analyzed interpreted to draw the meaning, out of the study. 1) Do you know about investment options available? KNOWLEDGE %AGE Yes 80% No 20% TOTAL 100 COMMENT Today scenario is changed so that most area covered by the securities and commodity market. It is 24% of the total population. 2) Most preferable investment scenario. Investment scenario %AGE Shares 24% Mutual Funds 20% Bonds 18% Banks 14% Real Estate 10% Insurance 6% Commodity market 4% Others 4% COMMENT Only 80% people know the exact meaning of investment. Because of remaining 20% take his/her residential property as an investment. According to law purpose this is not an investment because of it is not create any profit for the owner. 3).What is the basic purpose of your investment? INVESTMENT PURPOSE %AGE Liquidity 30% Returns 25% Capital appreciation 20% Tax benefits 10% Risk covering 5% Others 10% COMMENT: 30% people are interested in liquidity, 25% in returns and 10% tax benefits. And remaining 20% are interested in capital appreciations, 15% in risk covering and others. 4). From which option you will get the best returns? INVESTMENT SCENARIO %AGE Shares 26% Mutual Funds 27% Bonds 18% Banks 14% Real Estate 22% Insurance 4% Commodity market 5% Others 4% COMMENT: Most of the people say that Mutual fund gives satisfactory result; following it are bonds, shares and banks. 5).Most important things you take into your mind while making investments? FACTOR %AGE Risk 8% Returns 17% Both 75% TOTAL 100 COMMENT 75% people are considered the both factors risk as well as returns but, only 25% considered the risk or returns factor. 6). Do you have any knowledge of share markets? KNOWLEDGE PERCENTAGE Complete 10% Nil 27% Partial 63% COMMENT On that basis, we conclude that 27% people know nothing about the securities investments and 63% people have partial knowledge about it, so, some promotional activities are required for increasing the awareness about security market. 7) If you invested in Share Market, what has been your experience? options %AGE Satisfactory returns received 20 Burned fingers 6 Unsatisfactory results 8 No Results 66 TOTAL 100 COMMENT: Majority of people are in losses and hence they are getting no results. 8) Are you aware of online Share trading? KNOWLEDGE %AGE Yes 72% No 28% TOTAL 100 COMMENT: 72% of respondents are aware of online share trading while 28% of them don’t know about it. 9) Heard about Reliance money? KNOWLEDGE %AGE Yes 82% No 18% TOTAL 100 COMMENT Majority of people are aware about the Reliance Money, this shows that marketing strategy are good. 10) Do you know about the facilities provided by Reliance money? KNOWLEDGE %AGE Yes 76 No 24 TOTAL 100 COMMENT: In spite of good marketing, only 76% people are aware of services offered by Reliance Money. 11).Do you have any de-mat trading account? ACCOUNTS PERCENTAGE Yes 75 No 25 TOTAL 100 COMMENT Only 75% respondents have de-mat and trading account and remaining 25% says no because they don’t know why shares move up and down. 12).In which company you have d-mat and trading account? COMPANY %AGE ICICI DIRECT 30% INDIAINFOLINE 25% INDIA BULLS 22% Reliance Money 16% KARVY 7% HDFC securities 4% COMMENT In Reliance Money 16% respondents have de-mat trading account because of better services and min. annual maintenance and other charges. 13) What differentiates your Share trading company from others? %AGE Brokerage 23 Operating expanses 25 Services 20 Products 17 Software 15 Total 100 Comment Three main factors are brokerage, operating expenses, services, then is products and software. 14) Which Share trading company provides good exposure? Comments Majority of clients of indiabulls feels that the exposure provided by them is neither high nor low, while some believe it is enough. But in ICICI it is contrary. R-Money gets positive response from majority of clients. 15) Which Share trading company provides its Software to customers? Comment As far as software is concerned, R-Money dominates, followed by indiainfoline. 16) Which Share trading company charges fair Brokerage? Comment Although majority of customers of all the firms feel that brokerage charged is neither high nor low, customers of R-Money are highly satisfied. On the other hand, customers of ICICI are most dissatisfied. And about 40% of customers of indiabulls consider it to be NHNL, and another 40% rate it as good, while 20% feel that it is not quite low. 17) Which Share trading company provides fair operating expenses? Comments As per operating charges, comparison among the firms clearly points out that there is not much difference among the firms. First is R-money, followed by indiabulls. 18) Are you satisfied with your present Share trading company? COMMENT This shows that customers of reliance money are not satisfied while Indiainfoline is stood first in this parameter. FINDINGS ? Majority of clients of indiabulls feels that the exposure provided by them is neither high nor low, while some believe it is enough. But in ICICI it is contrary. R-Money gets positive response from majority of clients. ? Although majority of customers of all the firms feel that brokerage charged is neither high nor low, customers of R-Money are highly satisfied. On the other hand, customers of ICICI are most dissatisfied. And about 40% of customers of indiabulls consider it to be NHNL, and another 40% rate it as good, while 20% feel that it is not quite low. ? As far as software is concerned, R-Money dominates, followed by indiabulls. ? As per charges, comparison among the firms clearly points out that there is not much difference among the firms. First is R-money, followed by indiabulls. ? On the basis of call and trade facility, there is again not much differences. Comparison among ICICI and indiabulls shows that icici has less no. of customers who rated it low as compared to indiabulls and also higher no. of customers rate it good, but indiabulls has the edge over the rest when it comes to customers who rate it very high. ? Customer’s feedback regarding the Research Tips parameter shows that the competition is primarily between three firms- Indiabulls, icici and Indiainfoline. ? Reliance Money is gaining its share which is currently at 3.9% market share by providing better offerings, less brokerage and other services, indiabulls is the market leader. ? Approx. 16% respondents have de-mat trading account because min. annual maintenance and other charges. ? R-Money brought many innovations in products which are liked by customers. ? R-Money’s offerings are very competitive. ? Though reliance money is working very hard in order to meet the competition but there is a gap between the expectations and the experiences of the customers which is widening regularly. ? This gap has emerged because of the sales oriented focus of reliance money. ? In order to increase the sales figures, the company has somewhere ignored the service delivery and left the customer on his own. SUGGESTIONS ? Build relationship with the customers to keep them retained. ? Company should start a system of filling up of feedbacks and complaints online so that rectification of errors can be done easily. ? Company should start a kind of soft skill training program for all of its distributors so that the customers feel the same level of satisfaction as they feel while transacting with the company. ? Though the service quality is good but it should become better consistently as good service and better relationships are the key success factors of current market situations. ? The process of documentation is a hassle for customers as it is not at all user friendly. Company should take care of user friendliness of the system. ? In order to fill the gap between actual and expected, company needs to customize its services as it is dealing into financial instruments. ? These financial instruments are risky and it is very essential to make the customer feel that you are taking care of his money. ? This can be done only if all the services are customized and the system is made transparent for the customer as well as for the employees. CONCLUSION The expectations of the customers are regularly increasing because of the increasing competition and emergence of global market. In such conditions it becomes very necessary for a company to fulfill all the expectations of the customers and give them a delightful experience. Reliance Money aims to provide better services by consistently improvement. The study concluded:- Reliance Money Ltd. has better Portfolio Management services than Other Companies Reliance Money Ltd. keeps its process more transparent. Reliance Money Ltd. is giving more returns to its investors. Reliance Money charges are less than other stock brokers. Reliance Money is providing daily updates about the stocks information. Investors are looking for those investment options where they get maximum returns with less costs. Market is becoming complex it means that the individual investor will not have the time to play stock game on his own. People are less aware about the Services provided by Reliance Money. BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS: (1) Punithawati Pandiyan, â€Å"Security Analysis Portfolio Management†, Vikas Publishing House, New delhi. (2) Financial Markets, The Icfai University press, Hyderabad, 2007. (3) Donald E. Fisher and Ronald J. Jordan, â€Å"Security Analysis Portfolio Management†, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. (4) Zikmund, â€Å"Business Research Methodology† (5) Kothari C.R., â€Å"Research Methodology : Methods and Techniques†, Wishwa Prkashan, New Delhi, 2001. MAGAZINES:- (1) Omkar Goswami, â€Å"New Entrants in Sock Trading†, Business Week, Oct,2003, page 13. (2) Rajesh Gajra, â€Å"Sebi’s Wake Up call†, Business World, June 2008, page20. (3) Srikanth Srinivas, â€Å"Increasing competition in Online Trading†, Business Today, March,2005, page 21. JOURNALS:- (1) Nidhi Walia and Ravinder Kumar, â€Å"Online Stock Trading in India: an empirical investigation†, Indian Journal of marketing, April 2007, page 34-39. (2) Jayanta Kumar Seal, â€Å"Changing Dynamics of Stock Trading†, Portfolio Organizer, Oct. 2007, page 17-25. (3) Aggarwal Sanjiv, â€Å"Stock Trading o Net†, Business Line, Aug. 2000, page 31-37. (4) Mr. Ajay Kumar, â€Å"Comparison of stock Brokers in India†, Indian Journal of Business, June 1999, page 93-96. (5) Nidhi Walia, â€Å"Online Stock Trading in India: on the road of progress†, Applied finance, March 2004, page 21-26. (6) Nay-Fu Chen, Richard Roll and Stephen A. Ross, â€Å"Economic Forces and the Stock Market†, The Journal of Business, Vol. 59, No. 3,383-403, Jul. 1986. INTERNET:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stock_Market http://surfindia.com/finance/stock-market.html moneycontrol.com reliancemoney.com sebi.gov.in reliancecapital.com indiainfoine.com icicidierct.com hdfcsecurity.com karvy.com http://nseindia.com http://bseindia.com APPENDIX Questionnaire Name: Age: Sex: Male Female Phone No: 1) Do you know about Investment options available? a) Yes b) No 2) In which of these Financial Instruments do you invest into? a) Shares b) Bonds c) Commodity market d) Insurance e) Mutual Funds f) Banks g) Real Estate i) Others 3) What is the basic purpose of your investment? a) Liquidity b) Returns c) Capital appreciation d) Risk covering e) Tax benefits 4) From which option you will get the best returns? a) Shares b) Bonds c) Commodity market d) Insurance e) Mutual Funds f) Banks g) Real Estate i) Others 5) What are the most important things you take into account, while making any investment? a) Risk b) Returns c) Both 6) Do you have any knowledge of share markets? a) Partial b) Complete c) Nil 7) If you invested in Share Market, what has been your experience? a) Satisfactory returns received b) Burned fingers c) Unsatisfactory results d) No Results 8) Are you aware of online Share trading? a) Yes b) No 9) Heard about Reliance money? a) Yes b) No 10) Do you know about the facilities provided by Reliance money? a) Yes b) No 11) Do you have any D-mat Trading account? a) Yes b) No 12) In which company you have D-mat Trading account? a) Reliance Money d) Karvy b) Indiainfoline e) ICICI direct c) India bulls f) HDFC securities 13) What differentiates your Share trading company from others? a) Brokerage b) Operating Expanses c) Services d) Products e) Software 14) Which Share trading company provides good exposure? 15) Which Share trading company provides its Software to customers? 16) Which Share trading company charges fair Brokerage? 17) Which Share trading company provides fair operating expenses? 18) Are you satisfied with your present Share trading company? a) Satisfied b) Neutral c) Unsatisfied Research Papers on A Competitive Analysis of Trading in Reliance MoneyAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paperMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasResearch Process Part OneInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of India

Latan and Darleys cognitive model Essays

Latan and Darleys cognitive model Essays Latan and Darleys cognitive model Paper Latan and Darleys cognitive model Paper According to Piliavin, there are two major influences on Bystander intervention, the first is arousal, the response to the need or distress of others; this is the basic motivational construct. This component suggests that the bystander feels discomfort and seeks to reduce this by intervention. This component differs from Latanà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and Darleys model as it moves away from cognitive processes. The second component, cost-reward, is similar to the decision model as it introduces cognition. In this section the Bystander determines the costs and rewards of intervening or remaining uninvolved. This is similar to stage 3 in the decision model whereby the Bystander decides whether to assume personal responsibility. The idea that the Bystander will choose the response that most rapidly reduces the discomfort produced by arousal is supported by Dovidio et al. 1991. (Gross 2001) Another factor in explaining why bystanders choose not to intervene that can be applied to both theories is the cost of time. This was shown in a content analysis of answers given in response to five written traffic accident scenarios (Bierhoff et al. 1987) (Montada Bierhoff 1991). People who have demanding lives find waiting frustrating, this is why the willingness to sacrifice time for a person in need can be seen as generous (time is money: Bierhoff Klein, 1988) (Gross 2001). The most frequently mentioned motives for helping were; enhancement of self esteem and moral obligation. These motives are clearly demonstrated in Piliavins model within the cost-reward component. One fundamental difference between Piliavin et al.s (1969, 1981) Arousal-Cost-Reward model and Latanà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and Darleys (1970) Cognitive model is the structure. Latanà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and Darley focused on a stage-by-stage procedure to determine whether help would be given; this model suggests that bystander intervention would not occur unless all five stages are completed. However, Piliavin et al. focused specifically on two main components to explain bystander behaviour. A similarity between the structures is the cause and effect relationship, in both the cognitive and the arousal-cost-reward model the preceding stages/components affected the outcome and therefore determined whether intervention occurred. One theory that connects both Latanà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and Darleys Cognitive model and Piliavin et al.s Arousal-Cost-Reward model is Sherifs (1935) Autokinetic Paradigm; a study in which Sherif used this optical illusion to determine participants reactions when asked to say how far the light was moving. Results showed that 100% of participants changed their answers when put in groups with confederates. This, it has been suggested, is similar to the nature of an emergency as both situations involve uncertainty, ambiguity and a lack of structure in terms of a proper basis for judgement or action. Therefore it could be assumed that in both cases the individual will look to others for guidance on how to think and act. This has been shown in Latan and Rodins (1969) experiment (Latan Nida 1981) and also in the case study of Kitty Genovese case (1964) (Gross 2001). Research has found that not only does the influence of others determine Bystander Behaviour; gender is also seen to have an effect on Bystander intervention. In terms of the arousal-cost component of Piliavins model, research has suggested that women help only certain people in certain ways (Eagly Crowley 1986). This could help to explain why some bystanders experience higher levels of arousal than others. The idea of gender could also be applied to Latan and Darleys cognitive model within the final stage in that women may feel more competent in some situations and therefore are more likely to intervene then men. In conclusion, Latanà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and Darleys (1970) Cognitive model and Piliavin et al.s Arousal-Cost-Reward model have many similarities between them. They both attempt to explain why bystanders intervene in an emergency by using cognitive processes; they also address the possibility of social influences affecting bystander intervention. However a fundamental difference between them is in the cost-reward component of Piliavins model as it raises the issue of personal gains or costs from intervening whereas Latanà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and Darley only address this briefly within stage three of the decision model. Despite these similar and contrasting ideas both theories have had a huge impact on social psychology and continue to generate research. References: Cardwell, M., Clark, L., Meldrum C. (2001). Psychology for A2 Level. p64. Corsini, R.J. (1999) The Dictionary of Psychology. p133. Eagly, A and Crowley, M. (1986). Gender and Helping Behaviour: A meta analysis review of the social psychology literature. Psychological Bulletin, vol 100, no 3, p284. Gross, R. (2001). Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour (Fourth Edition). pp434-438.

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Waiting for the Barbarians by J. M. Coetzee Essay All this erotic behavior of mine is indirect: I prowl about her, touching her face, caressing her body, without entering her or finding the urge to do so. But with this woman it is as if there is no interior, only a surface across which I hunt back and forth seeking entry. Is this how her torturers felt hunting their secret, whatever they thought it was? pg.43. One of the central figures in J. M. Coetzees Waiting for the Barbarians is the barbarian girl. The Magistrate finds the girl maimed and nearly blind after being interrogated and tortured by the ruthless Colonel Joll, and takes her in. The Magistrates relationship with the girl revolves around his search for the girls significance; he questions her about her torture, he attempts to understand her through her physical surface, and tries to use her as the key to unlocking his own meaning. Ultimately, the Magistrates treatment of the barbarian girl mirrors her treatment by Colonel Joll; they both use her as a tool in their respective searches for knowledge. The parallels between Joll and the Magistrates behavior towards the barbarian girl can be seen in the selected passage. The Magistrate is going over his conduct towards the girl in his head, and expressing some puzzlement as to the motivation behind his actions as well as over their lack of fruition. He puts effort into making romantic gestures towards her, but does not sleep with her, nor does he really want to. He seems to want something from her, but is unsure about what that is or how to go about getting it. This makes the woman seem mysteriously full of meaning and yet impenetrable to him, in more ways than one. His last thought is to compare his search for meaning in his relationship with the girl to her torturers search for an elusive secret from her. By describing his own behavior as indirect, we get a sense of the Magistrates own lack of clarity towards the subject. He makes erotic overtures towards the girl, but he makes them indirect[ly], implying that his goal is not to seduce the girl but what his true intentions are remain unclear, even to him. The Magistrate does not understand his fascination with the barbarian girl. This can be illustrated on pg. 40 where  he asks her not only why she is with him, but also, why do I want you here? He tries to analyze his relationship to the girl and use it to somehow get a better understanding of who he is. However, his philosophical questions get few answers from her, and none that satisfy him. He focuses his interest on her scars and what transpired during her torture sessions, questioning her incessantly. He bathes her and massages her with almond oil, paying special attention to her injuries. Using his hands to feel all over her body, repeatedly he tries to recreate in his mind the whole of what she was like before the torture, the whole of the person she is and was. Yet it seems to him as if she has no interior, only a surface across which I hunt back and forth seeking entry. Because he cannot find her interior, or the meaning that she holds for him, he blindly searches the physical surface for meaning. The Magistrate tries to interpret his own meaning through the girls body. Like the wooden slips covered in barbarian characters that the Magistrate polished and pored over for so many hours, her oiled body becomes a text to decipher his own meaning. When she grudgingly reveals some of the torture methods used on her, it does not bring her and the Magistrate any closer together, neither does it bring the Magistrate any closer to understanding her; interestingly enough, it functions to give the Magistrate more insight into Jolls character and his relationship to him. Her scars are like the ugly truth of the Magistrates quiet complicity in the atrocities committed in the name of Empire that he must bring himself to reconcile with, by looking at them and feeling them over and over again. Once the Magistrate begins to realize the role he had in facilitating the acts of torture, and how horrendous they truly were, he also begins to see the similarities between Joll and himself. The verbs the Magistrate uses to describe his own actions towards the girl in the selected passage, such as prowl, hunt, and even seeking create an image of a furtive predator rather than a lover. This is a manifestation of the guilt he feels for his part in her injuries. But we do not get a real sense of threat or danger from the Magistrate because he states that this hunter is non-invasive: he does not enter her and has no urge to do so. Even the phrases touching  her face, and caressing her body, which normally would invoke intimacy, when put in the context of prowling give the impression of a hunter thoroughly examining the pelt of its prey. It is easy to make the connection between this image and the image of the Magistrate examining the barbarian girls broken ankles and scars. Joll and the accomplice torturers are also referred to as hunting the girl; while Joll was aggressively searching for a secret he never found, the Magistrate hunts for how to figure her out and enter her surface, which he also fails to find. However, they both hunt for some sort of meaning from this girl, suggesting Jolls use of her is similar to the Magistrates use for her. Joll tortures her to try to get secret information about an impending barbarian offensive attack (which turns out to be nonexistent information in the first place). However, he still hunts the truth from her until she is left blinded and crippled. The Magistrate presses for details of her torture, harasses her with philosophical questions, and engages in his cryptic washing and oiling rituals while searching for meaning through her body. In his various ways he also tries to hunt out meanings from the girl, and he comes to realize his relationship to the girl thus mirrors that of Jolls. They both use the girl as a means to some desired end of knowledge, whether it be a secret of war or a secret of why. Furthermore, the Magistrate comes to see his mirroring of Joll might not just end with the barbarian girl. The girl ultimately serves as the interface for the Magistrate to see the parallels between himself and Joll. It is significant that the Magistrate takes up with the girl only after Joll has discarded her- the fact that the Magistrate must have overseen her arrival with the soldiers was a recurring thought of his. However, he had no interest in her until after Joll had left her permanently handicapped. The Magistrate eventually comes to see that his attempt to connect with the woman was an attempt to retrace Jolls footsteps; to understand the man  and his actions by putting himself into an intimate relationship with the barbarian girl. But he also does this to distinguish himself as different from Joll; he regretted he could not engrave [himself] as deeply (p.135) on her as Joll had, but he wished to leave the mark of his pseudo-loving on her rather than the marks of pain and torture she had from Joll. The relationships the barbarian girl has with Colonel Joll and the Magistrate are similar in that both use her as a tool in their respective quests for knowledge. Joll tries to coerce her into saying something to justify an attack on the barbarians, while the Magistrate tries to use her to interpret himself and his role in the Empire, but they both believe that she is the key to unlocking some truth they seek. They both use the girl for their own purposes, without any regard for her as a person, and Joll treats her very cruelly. The Magistrate cares for her physical well-being, but he does not truly attempt to get to know beyond her surface, and only attempts to understand her through what function she serves in his life. Eventually he realizes through his relationship with her how many parallels exist between him and Joll. The girl stands between the two men as a one-way mirror that they both use, but gradually becomes two-way for the Magistrate, allowing him to see the Joll alter ego mingling with his own reflection. Coming to accept this also means collapsing some of the distance that he had mentally established between himself and Joll, and likewise accepting a certain share in the responsibility for all the atrocities committed by Joll in the name of the Empire.