Contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Contract honor - Essay ExampleIn the formation f contracts twain elements atomic number 18 vital. Firstly, the offer, an indication by one person prep ard to contract with anformer(a), on certain terms, which are fixed, or capable f being fixed at the time the offer is do. Secondly, thither must(prenominal) be an acceptance, an unconditional assent to a definite offer.2 These two combine to create inference that a contract has been formed, for, as in Scammell v Ouston (1941),3 if an harmony is uncertain on some grave issue.the courts will hold there is no contract.4 Following this, the elements f consideration and intent provide the contracts physical structure and substance5So, what is meant by consideration and the intention to create legal relations English law normally requires prof that the parties have made a bargain, or agreement, 6 this is known as the benefit and detriment test. (Currie v Misa (1875) 7 or a benefit to one party or a detriment to a nonher.8 So, in p ragmatical terms consideration can be defined as what one party in an agreement is giving, or promising, in exchange for what is being given, or boded, by the other side. 9 This provides mutuality, making the contract enforceable. The Oxford lexicon f Law definition states, Consideration is essential to the validity f any contract other than one made by deed. Without consideration an agreement non made by deed is not hold fast it is a nudum pactum (naked agreement) governed by the maxim ex nudo pacto non oritur action (a right f action does not arise out f a naked agreement.)10 English law does not rely on formalities as a way f identifying intention to create a legally binding contract. Instead it focuses on offer, acceptance and consideration. 11 If these are present, and unless rebutted by contrary evidence, courts operate on the basis f two legal presumptions, that there is no intention to be bound in domestic or social arrangements, but there is intention to be bound in com mercial agreements. 12 Professor B.A.Hepple claims that there is no need f a separate requirement f intention, and that a bargain, involving mutuality is sufficient. These views are not generally accepted as it is widely agreed that identifying the parties intentions is essential to the role f the courts when establishing if a contract was made. 13It is useful to look at why English law has become so reliant on the consideration element f a contract, and why it has frequently been employ as the badge f enforceability,14 Professor Atiyah argues that consideration originally meant a reason for enforcing an agreement.15 Early forms f contract law mainly involved agreements regarding debt, covenant, or detinue ie., wrongful detention f property, and were only binding if under seal. This method, which require a degree f form such as writing or a deed, was employ to prevent fraud and proved that there was an intention to create legal relations. Consideration was first used in the sixte enth century when, in order to enforce informal agreements, the law f assumsit was developed.16 So, eyepatch that the law would, ...still not enforce merely gratuitous promises, ... the law had to develop an element that could distinguish mingled with a proper contractual agreement, and something less that would not.17Due to the Law f Property Miscellaneous pabulum Act 1989, form is still required for contracts involving the sale f land. It is also used to offer consumers shelter in hire purchase and consumer credit agreements. In the English Common law system, a promise is not legally binding as part f a contract except if it is made in a deed or supported by some consideration. 18 Sir Guenter Treitel Q.C.,

INVESTMENT AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

INVESTMENT AND PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT - Assignment ExampleThe investor who prefers to bank his funds to generate a fixed veritable interest at the finish of a term is the classic case of risk-averse undivided while a casino gambler who counts against high timid odds is at the other end of the spectrum (Pietersz, 2009).In scenario whereby an individual investment is assured of a 500 drop dead, in the uncertain situation, a bet is considered that with a toss of a penny, the individual can get 1,000 or naught, while in the certain situation the individual will definitely receive the 500. Although both situations have a guaranteed return of 500, the uncertain situation has a 50 percent chance of garnering 1,000 or nothing. Therefore, three possible scenarios emerge take a chance aversion is therefore a characteristic case of martingale effect whereby the most likely scenario is the investor risk-taker barely gaining the original amount (Yates, 2009). In modern portfolio theory, risk aversion is calculated as the added subsidiary return an investor needs to admit supplementary risk, which is calculated through the standard deviation of the ROI or the square germ of its variance (Baker, 2001).Modern portfolio theory established mean-variance efficient portfolios in a fixed time sensible horizon that ignored future market movements hence not applicable to multi-period investment horizon. Sharpe (1964), Lintner (1965) and Mossin (1966) separately have been ascribed to establishing the jacket crown Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) model that was developed from Markowitzs (1959) exposition of the Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) particularly the mean-variance model. The primordial theory of the CAPM indicates that there is a linear link involving systematic risk, as measured by beta, and communicate overlap returns (Brewton, 2009). The CAPM model endeavours to illustrate the linkage by applying beta to describe the differences involving the likely proceeds from shares and share portfolios (Laubscher, 2002, p.

Apart from assessing the impact of industrialization upon women, it is Essay

Apart from assessing the impact of industrialization upon women, it is also important that our arrest of industrialization itself is determined by the gender division of the workforce - Essay Exampleding to the amour of the women in the paid workforce, it is the unpaid abode work that accrued new meanings and perceptions, making the eventual discernment of industrial revolution dependant on the vantage point from which a workforce divided on the gender lines tends to envisage it.It is not that earlier the women were not engaged in any kind of work. However, a gendered division of work relegated the women to engage in the unpaid household work, while men were considered to be the uncomplicated wage earners who went out and worked to bring the bread to the family table (Crompton 1997). In that context, the industrial revolution while support women to move out and engage in wage repulse movement also to a large finis impacted the economic value and cultural tags associated with the household unpaid work (Crompton 1997). This revised under stand of the household unpaid work in the light of the industrial revolution had far reaching consequences in the overall gender dynamics of the nation. In a preindustrial society, governed by the gendered division of work, the unpaid household work through by women commanded very much recognition and a measure of economic worth. However, in an industrialized society, though much of the household chores associated with women like caring for children, cleaning, cooking and the overall management of the household economy and social standing remained the same, in a cultural context, they lost much esteem with the advent of the industrial revolution. This division of labour which hitherto stood to be gendered, in the aftermath of industrial revolution emerged to be a gendered definition of labour, a trend which was amply calcified and consolidated by the industrial revolution.The eventual impact of this degradation of the gendered division of labor into a perceptual gendered defining of labour to a large extent devalued the economic importance of the contributions made by women in the domestic sphere, though to this day they tend

Reasons of joining an DBA or PhD program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reasons of joining an DBA or PhD program - Essay ExampleAfter gaining enough experience and resources, I plan to start my have got firm that pull up stakes provide melody strategies and development plans for corporations and other business establishments. In my provision of captain skills to business establishments that I work in and those that I will work for in the future, I take to to impact humanity positivelyFor me to achieve my career objectives, I believe that undertaking a doctorate program in your learning institution will equip me with the necessary knowledge and skills that I entreat on top of what I have learned both through life experiences and my undergraduate and schoolmasters education. Firstly, since I have specialized in the development of business strategies, the doctorate program will help me acquire the applied question skills which the program specializes in rather than theoretical research which is cover by the PHD program. Applied research is instrume ntal in the execution of my duties in my career since it helps in approaching up with business development strategies that are both applicable and adaptable to change. This is unlike the theoretical research approach that is based on theories that worked in economic times of the past that are quite unalike to the economic situation that we are currently in. The program will also equip me with the skills to develop business strategies that will adapt to different economic conditions. I am also confident that as I undertake my thesis project I will be able to do a split up of research that will provide a lot of knowledge on trends in the business face and strategy even up. I will also be able to examine models and theories proposed by scholars in the discipline thus enabling me to differentiate those that work in todays economy from those that are unsuitableI am confident that if given an opportunity, I will

National ( the U.S.) and Oklahoma medicaid Dissertation

National ( the U.S.) and Oklahoma medicaid - Dissertation ExamplePer-enrollee exploitation exceeded economy-wide swelling by nearly 11% (Klemm, p107). Amendments to the Social protection Act were passed in 1971 and 1972 creating Supplemental Social Security Income and nearly all beneficiaries also received Medicaid. Optional amendments began covering intermediate fear services for the mentally retarded and psychiatric services for patients under 22. By 1976 enrollment reached 20.7 million with an average growth vagabond of 5% a year which did not vary greatly for the next ten years. Because of this considerable growth the Reagan administration began to consider ways to curve deficit. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act in 1981began a three year reduction in and also reduced some eligibility for Welfare benefits. States begin to try out Health Maintenance Organizations and community based waiver programs and focus began to shift more towards managing services and coercive the costs of carefulness. Enrollment rates remained stable though expenditures continued to increase and rise. In 1984 congress decided to implement expansions that continued to increase throughout the eighties. ... Medicaid spending was approximately 275.5 billion dollars in 2003 (Holahan and Ghosh, p 26) and became a major target for the 2005 budget debate. Spending increased by 10 % between 2000 and 2003 thus beingness attributed to welfare reform. Growth was noted among the non-disabled and children as the economy began to decline the population experienced job losses and loss in income. State Medicaid cutbacks were made, insurance premiums rose and employee sponsored coverage declined. The Patient Protection and Affordable feel for Act of 2011 was tailored with the expectation that sixteen million people would gain access to wellness care. Obama care has created two basic paths towards universal health care access (Reno, p 61). Obamacare has increased funding for the open s ide of the current health care system though many worry that private insurers go forth end up absorbing increased health care costs. Oklahoma Medicaid Program Medicaid provides acute health care and long term care services to over 600,000 low-income families and elderly individuals. The Oklahoma health care vision is for Oklahomans to enjoy optimal health status through access to quality health care regardless of their ability to pay, (Connell, 2012). The Oklahoma Health Care Authority has administered and overseen the Oklahoma Medicaid program since 1995 and is creditworthy for rule making and policy development. The Oklahoma Medicaid State Plan includes coverage for the following services Ambulance and ambulant surgery center services Substance abuse and behavioral health services Case focusing services Radiation and chemotherapy services Renal dialysis services Certain dental services Durable

Summarize the main points Griffin, Khan and Ickowitz make in favor of Assignment

Summarize the main points Griffin, Khan and Ickowitz make in respect of redistributive globe reforms - Assignment ExampleIn addition, the authors argue the redistribution trim reform of the twentieth century authentic a broader vision of land reforms in 1920s and 1970s.Land Reform is considered to an effective effort to dominate the unequal distribution of the allocation of the land ownership and the use of rights. Land policies have historically compete a significant role to shape experience of different countries (Griffin and Khan). Griffin and Khan (reviews the previous cable and compares it with the contemporary land reform policies. In addition, the author favor redistributive land reform on the bases of divide factor market and labor control systems. Similarly, Ray elaborates sparingal benefits and significances of the land reforms in the contemporary times. In the article, he draws attention of the reader towards the unequal distribution of land that has a major obst acle in the development of economy. In addition, the author highlights economic efficiency in agriculture through political, environmental and economic perspectives (Ray).Analyzing the both article, it shall be noted that both authors have highlighted importance of the redistributive land reforms. Griffin and Khan highlights the significance to the issue through discussing the historical issues (Griffin and Khan). It further incorporates arguments throughout the time to develop a broader instinct towards the land reform (Griffin and Khan). I believe the statistical and historical data and information provides a brief understanding towards the issues. Ray illustrates the importance of equal distribution of land as a source of economic emergence and prosperity. Ray focuses on the effective and maximizing output of the land, as a social, environment and economical prosperity (Ray). I believe the article develops importance and significance of the issue with the economical aspect. It associates unequal distribution of land market as an important element for the

Quality management (Shell company) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Quality counselling ( typeface company) - Assignment Example321). It is necessary for managers to think of an integrated management system which encompasses the elements of step management (QMS), environmental management (EMS), and health and safety management (OHSMS). Since an integrated management system can involve divergent facets of corporate management, it is vital to identify the different aspects associated with it. In order to implement an IMS in the Shell rock oil company, it is better adopt a five-phase implementation process which includes phases such as preparation, planning, implementation, monitoring, review and certification. During the initial phases, an effective, quality policy and environment policy must be developed to give the implementation process a lightheaded direction. This paper will specifically outline an implementation plan for a new IMS in the Shell Oil Company. Integrated management system Integrated management system can be simply defined as a m anagement system that integrates all systems and operations of an organisation into an prolonged framework, assisting the organisation to operate as a iodin entity with shared goals and objectives. The integrated management system greatly aids an organisation to become a unified entity and link each function to a single commons goal (Pardy & Andrews, 2009, p.107). Evidently, such a centralised system would assist the organisation to improve its general performance. An integrated management system is the close effective way to discharge an organisations obligations to its employees, customers, and the wider fellowship. (Freiberger Forschungshefte, Issue 526. 2008, p.39). In simple words, this system gives stakeholder a clear idea on what the organisation expects from them. other major feature of integrated management system is that it provides the organisation with a genuinely co-ordinated system rather of mere silos (Emea.bsi-global.com). Experts suggest that this management system is greatly helpful for the organisation to obtain a clear and comprehensive picture of its all aspects, the way they affect each other, and the associated risk factors. As there is less(prenominal) duplication in an integrated management system, it is easy to implement the new system in the future. by this technique, the management team is provided with a single structure which would enable them to deliver the organisations objectives expeditiously and effectively. The potentiality of an integrated management system ranges from managing employee needs to monitoring market competition and maximising resources. The most fascinating feature of this system is that it is relevant to all types of organisations regardless of their nature and size (Driving.myfoxcharlotte.com). Under this approach, dickens or more management systems are integrated into one cohesive system with a common set of policies, procedures, processes, and documentation. Shell Oil Company Shell Oil Company is the Royal Dutch Shells US based subsidiary, and it is one of the largest oil companies in the world. The US head office is locate at Huston in Texas, and nearly 22,000 employees are from the United States. The Shell Oil Company together with its consolidated companies and its share in equity firms is one of the largest oil and natural bluster producers, gasoline distributers, natural gas suppliers, and

'The budget is a tool of repression rather than innovation' cited by Essay

The compute is a tool of repression rather than innovation cited by Hope and Fraser - Essay ExampleBudgets also enable the meter of actual financial operations against a forecast and establish the costs constraints of a project, operation and course of study (Daum 2001, p. 21). Budgets adjudge been used as tools for aiding the planning of actual operations by ensuring managers consider changes in their environment. Additionally, budgets enable managers to outline steps and measures for ensuring the organization meets it objectives. Budgets all important(p)ly suffice managers to examine the relationships between the different departments and their own operations. or so importantly, budgets control resources, and help in communicating organizational plans within the different settings (Drury 2007, p. 31). It is equally crucial to key out that budgets motivate managers to work towards the achievement of the organizations objectives, provide visibility of the organizations perfor mance, and help when evaluating the performance of managers. Recently, budgets and budgeting processes have faced immense criticism consequently attract publicity. Critics to budgets and budgeting note that budgets provide barriers to triple-crown focal point and utilization of organizational resources. According to these critics, budgets influence managers and employees in counterproductive ways. It is of the essence(p) to note the crusade of current economies and their rapid rates of maturity are negatively affected by budgets because they impede tractableness of organizations (Daum, 2004, p. 41). Since 1998, several propositions have been made for the letment of a new management philosophy called Beyond Budgeting. These proposals issue as responses to dissatisfactions with traditional management approaches. These approaches focus on management as a function of budgeting through control cultures and command influences. In recent years, organizations have faced immense pres sure to change their management strategies and approaches. This has been motivated by the need to shift from traditional management strategies because of changing business and operational environments. It is crucial to note that company and organizational activities become complex when seeking income generation. In this case, company activities have prominent in dynamics, complexity and competitiveness despite the uncertain and turbulent business conditions (Dugdale, and Lyne, 2006, p. 51). Currently, businesses are not especial(a) to production and sales, but rather, they engage in different economic and non-economic activities. Currently, organizations need to operate with the intention of addressing character aspects of the business spectrum to maintain their productivity and competitiveness as well as maintain contact with their customers. Therefore, companies have begun identifying internal processes that impede their functioning in order to respond to challenges within the current business environment. In the process, companies are getting rid of their inflexible processes or procedures that limit their flexibility (Hope, and Fraser, 1999, p. 67). The Beyond Budgeting model provides an essential strategy for organizations to fill the gap left by abandoning budgeting. This strategy provides tools that enable managers to achieve their market objectives and develop plans. It also prevents managers from focusing their energies on their budget requirements. The Beyond Budgeting approach provides organizations with platforms for controlling and managing

Personal Body Image Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Body Image - Essay ExampleThe tec has collected mevery articles, research papers, and m each other publications in the field and used them for a survey. belles-lettres Survey as a method of information collection involves an extensive search for the similar studies crosswise the globe and its careful observation. It includes books, articles, magazines, news paper, any other publications, and indeed internet. The findings observed from the sources are used as such in formulating some meaningful interpretation of the study. Once the detective finds a useful study, he critically observes it so as to analyze it with reasoning. The study has used many findings put forward by various researchers who have conducted studies of similar nature at various places all over the world. This method requires the indication and comprehending capability as it involves the analytical and reasoning approach to find the varied results of the works. The data collected from in the beginning st udies are arranged logically according to the objectives of the give up study. They are then presented chronologically so as to get a reader a clear picture about the master matter of the study. The researcher will focus mainly on the findings of the study, which are used to find any deviation from the present study. ... This method requires the reading and comprehending capability as it involves the analytical and reasoning approach to find the varied results of the works. The data collected from earlier studies are arranged logically according to the objectives of the present study. They are then presented chronologically so as to get a reader a clear picture about the subject matter of the study. The researcher will focus mainly on the findings of the study, which are used to find any deviation from the present study. The methods used in the previous studies are manifold and some are lapping in nature. Important among the previously used methods is the use of measurements that assess the multidimensional nature of proboscis image. cultivationThe study explored the relationship between negative body image and its resultant dissatisfaction among the youth as thoroughly as old to effectively find out the factors that make them being suffered from psychopathologies. Body image and body dissatisfaction are important aspects of the self that have been shown to contribute to the development of eating disorders. Body dissatisfaction cannot be restrain to youngsters alone rather it is a common phenomenon felt by any body at any stage of his/her life cycle. Body dissatisfaction is prevalent across the life span that the impact it has on a persons self-esteem may lessen over time. As one grows older, the tolerance is greater in what changes come up in body and the total image. The authors found that mens self-rated attractiveness (e.g., body satisfaction) actually increased as they aged, whereas womens remained the same or decreased. It is interesting that thi s higher body satisfaction in men is not out-of-pocket to actual differences in physical attractiveness,

I haven't decided yet It might be something about advertising Essay

I livent decided yet It exponent be something about advertising - Essay Exampledvertisements in Wal-Mart retailing, to analyse Wal-Mart as a world-wide retailer, to identify the role of advertisements in Wal-Mart and to frame certain recommendations for the improved success of Wal-Mart through effective advertising. With a Confidence Interval of 90%, the sample size for this seek happens to be 100 participants. This survey look has collected data related to the advertising media and advertising of the products of Wal-Mart. The data collected are statistic ally analysed using MINITAB statistical tool in terms of mean, standard deviation, tally tables and Pearsons correlation. It has been found that Wal-Mart uses TV as major advertising media but other media like newspapers, billboards, mobile phones, digital signage, direct mail, cinema have not been used much for advertising. Also certain product range of Wal-Mart like musical terminus devices, health and beauty products, jew ellery, Grocery products and few others have not been advertised effectively. Based on this data analysis and discussion, this search has formulated a set of recommendations for improved advertising strategies of Wal-Mart.This chapter introduces the research concept and research scenario. The aim and objectives of this research are to be discussed along with the main research question and the supporting research hypotheses. The significance of this research work has also been emphasised along with the introduction of the research design limited to this research work.Started by Sam Walton in 1962 in US, Wal-Mart is expanding in its retail business all over the world. The business model of Wal-Mart happens to be Every Day Low Prices, which has earned many customers. Wal-Mart tries to fulfill this reduced pricing strategy by terms optimisation in business processes like advertising, logistics, branding, cost effective supplier strategies, store design and merchandising. The interna tional operations of Wal-Mart started in 1991 in the form of crack stores

The Media and its Representation of Islam and Muslim Women Term Paper

The Media and its Representation of Islam and Muslim Women - Term Paper Examplein Munro). Anti-Muslim movement or sentiment in westbound media in general and American media in particular is an inevitable replication of Soviet disintegration. After utilizing Soviet Union as scapegoat for decades, westerners seeking for a new enemy soon found fundamentalist or most frequently used as synonymous to Muslims by means of their media. This scenario led to the anti-Arab and anti-Muslim racist attitude which is continuously built in the minds of general public in west. Media imagery, western ethnocentrism, and American geographic isolation added to American insularity. Moreover, World Trade Centre bombings stamped on the fears and self righteousness of western mind. It led to racial hatred, violence against Muslims, vandalizing mosques, and targeting Muslim businesses. Media contributed profoundly in negative representation of Islam and Muslims. Muslims laws and tradition are always n ot only reported out of context but constantly reinforced through images and text in discussionpapers, television, and films. Arabs are portrayed as terrorists in particular while Muslims are represented to be fundamentalists (Goren). Media shapes and reshapes the cultural identities and perspectives in peoples mind. Shaheen refers Hollywood as an effective instructor for young minds who are taught from 1896 that Muslims are Arabs and they are insensitive, brutal, fanatics, uncivilized, and greedy. They are only involved in killing and oppressing worn out in their society and civilized foreigners (2).Islam is generally perceived as a Middle East phenomenon while Pakistan is in any case considered in for good measures. However, this is not recent trend because similar negative interpretations and representations tainted media reports close to Iran and Lebanon in past as well (Goren). When esteemed international news magazine, such as Newsweeks reporting a cover story on the ris e of militant Islam without noticing other dimensions of the faith under-discussion, it registers as a persistent image in viewer and readers. It is highly unlikely to find articles and reports in mainstream media on Islamic art, poetry, philosophy, or architecture. There is little or no acknowledgment of the diversity of Muslim glossiness all over the world. Muslims may have their roots in Middle East, Bosnian Muslims are white, Indonesian and Malaysians are Orientals, and Senegalese and Sudanese or Africans are blacks. Initially, Muslim fundamentalist were either Shiite geographically residing in Iran, Lebanon, or Pakistan with some exceptions in other areas. Today the fear is beyond boundaries, it belongs to religion. A Pakistani news paper The News observes in its editorial that western media counters Islam in a terrified, unaware, and aggressive manner. Rather than representing Islam in derogatory manner, they should dig in-depth and try to understand the diverse history and t radition which will give them the fortune to learn and appreciate countless positive aspects of Islam and Muslim culture (qtd. in Goren). Ahmed explains the role of western media in prevailing and upholding negative image of Islam and attributes it as, The evil demon the media as master (qtd. in Bennett 9).Edward Said also explore this media discrimination extensively in his book

Anglia Local News Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Anglia topical anaesthetic News Assignment - Essay Example(Gillan2010) Also unlike the traditional host, it is the provider who manages the service implying that the consumer entirely has to have a computer and internet to access the service. other feature of mottle is that it can be private or cosmos. A public dapple is offered (sold) to anyone via the internet whereas a private spoil refers to a proprietary network that is only provides to a limited group of individuals. Whether one goes for the private or public maculate, the goal is to render scalable computing services. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) refers to a model whereby pervert providers deliver and control tuition technology resources such as storage, computation and network qualification. (Blokdijk & Menken 2009) By this, cloud providers own, manage, render as considerably as distribute Information technology resources more effectively and conveniently to their subscribe rs. Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) This refers to a set of bundle product and development tools provided by a cloud vendor as a hosted infrastructure. Through this developers can be able to create applications running on the providers platform via the internet. (Blokdijk & Menken 2009) Platform-as-a-Service providers may use AP1s, weathervane portals as well as gateways that are installed in a clients computer. Examples of PaaS are GoogleApps and Force.com. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) This refers to a model in which the vendor provides the hardware and software infrastructure as well as the software product that interacts with the user through a front-end portal. The range of services provided by SaaS is very broad. Examples of this include We-based Mail, database process as well as inventory control. (Blokdijk & Menken 2009) Because the applications and the data resides with the host provides it enables the services to be accessible from anywhere. Benefits of cloud services By ado pting cloud computing, some of the benefits an organization would accrue as would include the following First, cloud computing saves time. This is because by an organization relying on using installed softwares to meet their needs they meet the chance of spending more time procuring, mastering and managing their programs. (Velte & Robert 2009) However a business saves time upon adopting cloud since some cloud vendors offer software as a service, hence an organization is spared the inconvenience of managing their programs. second a business stands fewer chances of glitches upon cloud adoption. This is because services offered through cloud require few versions. and then there is less upgrades needed and it becomes easy to implement considering the situation it is the cloud providers who implement this. (Velte & Robert 2009) Also considering the fact that most businesses incur problems in integrating software with other similar applications which makes it hard to share data, cloud enables user to integrate applications such as management systems, emails and office applications reducing cases of productivity glitches. It has also been cognize that cloud promotes conservation of the environment. This is considering the fact that personal computers only utilize 10 to 20 percent of the capacity this implies there is a large percentage in energy waste. Therefore by pooling resources in cloud based systems there is energy savings on the life extended by personal computers. Another great advantage of the cloud is increased access

School Connectedness analysisi based on multiple studies Essay

inculcate Connectedness analysisi based on multiple studies - Essay ExampleIntroduction School connectedness is a concept that refers to the extent of attachment, trust, compassion and positivity observed and felt by students for their educate environment, teachers and class mates (Whitlock, 2003). In another view, it can be perceived as an ideological barometer of settle the true strength of a governments academic policies, and the overall success of any educational institution. Whitlock (2003, p.1) affirms that school connectedness revolves around the idea that when young people consistently receive empathy, attention, and praise at school, they feel a sense of belonging and support that is the springboard for healthy growth and development. It is also cognise as school engagement, school attachment, and school bonding (Blum, 2004, p.1). Countless studies so far have been conducted to contemplate the strength, importance, and impact of school connectedness on the cognitive, em otional, physical, and social growth as well as the familial lives of students from varying age groups. Every re bet in this matter provides extra ordinary findings, exclusive details, and informative analysis about the miscellaneous factors associated with school connectedness. ... However, the concept of school bonding is not a hypothetical one it is an integral factor that influences every student in one way or the other. That is why it was deemed important to understand and evaluate the varying levels of school connectedness on different aspects of an individuals life. Robert Blum explains that research on students attachment to the schools they attend is conducted in a variety of disciplines education, health, psychology and sociology (2004, p.1). Therefore, in search of a perfect analysis for this report, different studies on all these aspect will be inspected so that the importance of school bonding could be understood. School and family share a correlated association becaus e house environment and preferences hugely affect the level of school connectedness. This is why the influence and impact of family conditions and environs on school belonging is important to be analyzed first. It is a pre-conceived notion that family and school are the both most important stabilizing factors in a persons life and that their strong merger produces an everlasting impact on students from a very early age. However, it is important to analyze if strong parent-teacher absolute frequency really is important for developing strong sense of school-likeness. Serpell and Mashburn (2011) observed the extent to which family-school connection affected childrens social growth during Prekindergarten. A combination of 2966 multi-lingual four-aged children from 240 classrooms of 40 prominent state-funded Pre-K study programs in six states of regular army participated in this study (Serpell & Mashburn, 2012). The results revealed that pre-k teachers perceptions of a positive rela tionship with parents are strongly associated with their ratings of childrens

Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

project - Essay ExampleThe section of methodology would attempt to highlight the methods that can be used to put together data especially from secondary sources in a bid to explore the forces that often influence consumer behavior to buy brands or products associated with inventory FC.The major aims of the study involve an investigation of how the demeanour of the consumers is influenced by sponsors of Arsenal football club. The study would also aim to highlight the impacts of sponsorship on soccer and how it affects the performance of clubs and how it yields the overall behaviour of consumers in the UK.The study is very significant in that it would attempt to check the behaviour of the consumers if it is influenced by the sponsors in any way as further as soccer is concerned. The study would also aim to investigate the impact of sponsorship on the performance of football clubs.Arsenal Football Club (FC) is a UK based side of meat Club which plays in the atomic number 61 Lea gue and is regarded as adept of the richest and close successful clubs as far as English soccer is concerned. The club was founded in 1886 and is also popularly known as the Gunners which authority traditional white and red colours. Thus, according to information obtained from Arsenal FCs website, they have a phonograph recording of winning thirteen titles in the first division as well as thirteen Premier league titles. They have also won a record ten FA cups and two League cup winners as well as eleven charity/community shield winners among others in their history and this makes them one of the most highly rated clubs in English football.The Premier League therefore is the humanitys most watched league and the most prestigious according to the Premier Leagues website. It attracts players from virtually the whole world and was established in 1992. Since its inception, the Premier league has strove to attract quality

Strategic management (organisational structure) Essay

Strategic management (organisational organize) - Essay ExampleThese include the entrepreneurial simple structure, the working(a) specialization structure, the divisional structure, and the conglomerate structure.The entrepreneurial structure is tagged by Mintzberg as being the simple structure. concord to Eltern, Schwestern, and Steffen, The simple structure is characterized, above all by what it is not - elaborated. Typically, it has little or no technostructure, a couple of(prenominal) last staffers, a loose division of labor, minimal differentiation among its units, and a small managerial hierarchy. atomic of its behavior is formalized, and makes minimal use of planning, training and the liaison devices. It is above all, organic. In a sense, simple structure is nonstructure (2005, p. 1).Functional disposals argon effective in minimizing activities that ar repetitive in nature. They also encourage the enlisting and development of technical expertise throughout the organizat ion. However, they are hard to organize and coordinate and result in the development of perspectives that are considered to be too narrow in nature (Tripp, Siwapiragam, Rahim, Horton 2005).Divisional organizations also ready their own distinctive advantages and disadvantages. These types of organizations are able to make better decisions because of the very way they are slew up. Those who work for or represent the company are held accountable for their actions and their performance. This type of organization, as opposed to useful organizations, is signifi tushtly easier to coordinate functions within. Drawbacks to the divisional organization include the fact that it is difficult to gain and allocate support from corporate staff, some economies of scale is lost, and divisions have a tendency to compete with one another which can be detrimental to the organization (Tripp, Siwapiragam, Rahim, Horton 2005).Conglomerate structures represent a combination of the aforementioned organisa tional structures. These are also known as matrix structures. Advantages to this type of organization include that technical expertise is encouraged, reinforced, and broadened resources are utilized in an efficient manner and that objectives that may be causing conflict within the organization are balanced. Disadvantages to this type of organization include an increase in power conflicts, confusion, and stress for those employees who have to a greater extent(prenominal) than one supervisor, and that it can hinder the decision-making process that takes place within the organization (Tripp, Siwapiragam, Rahim, Horton 2005).Reebok and Starbucks and Their Appreciated StructuresAccording to Reebok, During this late(prenominal) quarter, we decided to consolidate our Reebok Brand product and marketing groups chthonic one leader. We believe that the naked as a jaybird organizational structure will give us greater focus on product and marketing concepts for our targeted consumer groups. The new product teams are fully integrated from design and development through to marketing, and support our product initiatives under the Rbk, Performance, Lifestyle and Childrens platforms. These teams will now design and develop product and marketing concepts for a focused consumer segment, quite an than by product category as we had in the past (Reebok 2005). They believe that their new structure is more focused and responsible, and that it can better meet the demands of consumers who come from a variety of different

Jounal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Jounal - Essay ExampleIn a personal reflection of the chapter, it can be said that it was out of the self believe that the English had in their prowess that they succeeded in their quest to shoot down land. Self-trust is therefore an important tool for possessing ones dreams. Chapter 4 In this chapter, the writer gives a chronology of events that took get off specifically from 1802 to 1832. Most of these events were on the relationship that the English had with the Indians. As at this time however, the English gave just about level of respect to the Indians, allowing for the use of treaty in some of the cases of discourse over who should owe which parting of land. This was generally because federal laws, rather than state laws were operational in Indian territories (Wagner, 2006). From a person reflection, it is micturate that the more organized a group of people are, the better it is that they will be approached with respect and dignity. This is because irrelevant in the secon d chapter when the English acted by force because of the absence of any laws among the Indians, the use of territorial laws helped in gaining respect from the English. Chapter 9 A lot had turned for the Indians in terms of their relationship with the English in the ninth chapter. This is because writing under the chapter heading of The Indian Question From Reservation to Re make-up, the writer gives a historical analysis of how the Indians had started gaining much self power to restructure their lands. Indeed, the implication of this change in trends was because the Indians had had a better identity of their personality. Clearly, the English had initially overpowered the Indians because they came as a united force. This time round, the Indians had learnt from the power of organization and unity and used it to their own defense (Wagner, 2006). Pages 361 371 Before the World War II, the Native American had had a perception that his core rights and freedoms were not cosmos protected by the smock American. This is because acts of human rights abuse and retrenchment of basic freedoms had gone on (Engelstad, 2005). Takaki (2008) therefore writes on the topic Native Americans Why Fight the White Mans War? to depict the kind of dilemma that was going on within the Native Americans as to the mind in joining force for the American army. Clearly these pages of the book explain the need for equal rights and referee to prevail because no one knows the time that the services and inputs of people we disregard will become useful for our wellbeing. Kaleidoscope Stories of the American Experience 21-31 From the 21st to the 31st pages, the writers present the story of the voyage that Giovanni da Verrazzano took in 1524. As a European, we read of Giovanni da Verrazzano taking an expedition to North America with a mission of exploring greater parts of the Atlantic coast and what is today known as Carolinas and Newfoundland (Engelstad, 2005). As the American history is being told therefore, homage will be paid to Giovanni da Verrazzano for being a torch that directed some other people unto a land that has today come to be known as the America everyone is idealistic of. 75-90 From pages 75 to 90, the reader is told of A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson where there is a bereavement of Mary Rowlandsons work. The author selects this story by Mary Rowlandson

Corporation Tech Essay Example for Free

Corporation Tech EssayCorporation Tech will face more security guesss with their current interlock. The drug user domain is the single most vulnerable part of any network and as much(prenominal) poses the most obvious security risk. To mitigate risks involving the users is to implement policies and training to educate the user on proper use and security outmatch practices. By educating the user on security practices such as secure passwords, safe web surfing, and securing their workstations, many potential attacks can be avoided. Policies and training atomic number 18 also necessary because they can be used as evidence when taking administrative carry through against a user or intruder in the crimsont the system or data teaching is compromised. Laptops and workstations have their own set of security risks associated with them. They be vulnerable to being compromised by malware, spyware, or even hackers that take advantage of certain exploits. Laptops, workstations and mobile devices are susceptible to malicious software attacks, theft or loss. Viruses and malware can affect these devices and are usually acquired through contaminated email attachments and hyperlinks that redirect the user to employ web sites or are transferred through USB storage devices.Viruses and malware can also be acquired by downloading infected files or programs that are designed by hackers. Because of the need to protect systems against threats, all workstations and laptops should be secured with antivirus and firewall software and updated and join on a regular basis to fix vulnerabilities with the software that hackers may exploit. Since the laptops are mobile by nature they are at risk of being stolen along with all of the data saved on their hard drives. The best security method for this would be to encrypt the hard drives on the laptops and where feasible lonesome(prenominal) store sensitive data on corporate servers and allow authorized userremote memory access to the data via SSHVPN sessions.Physical security or lack thereof also poses a huge risk if an attacker has physical access to your equipment they do not actually need your log in enfranchisement to access data. Attackers could boot your systems up on a live CD and compromise your information without going away any trace in the logs other than a restart. Even if an attacker has a narrow window for physical access to your systems, they can steal the hardware and gain access to the data from it at their convenience. unafraid all removable equipment is locked storage locations with security controls such as cameras and biometric access devices.Distri moreovered Denial of Service (DDOS) attacks are a major concern when it comes to the companys servers this is done when a botnet sends an overwhelming amount of requests to the servers until they closed(a) down. The best method to deal with this is to install security hardware or software that can watch these kinds of attacks as they ar e beginning to take place and filter that traffic out. The hardware is often very(prenominal) effective but also can be very expensive which can be a whole different issue but if you have the funding available I would recommend purchase the hardware.SQL injections are one of the most common attacks on web based applications, these attacks occur when an attacker inserts a SQL statement that is not authorized through a SQL data channel such as the login screen. This best way to mitigate this risk is to implement string flecking for special SQL characters or install software to check the web application for injection vulnerabilities. The software may cost a little money but it will help to prevent unauthorized access to information in your database.

Assignment Budget and Policy Paper Essay Example for Free

Assignment Budget and Policy paper undertake DUI childbed forces Plea bargaining Offender reentry/integration Victim assistance Immigration war on drugs contend on terrorismPrepare a 1,400-1,750-word paper in which you summarize the goals in the cruel jurist system that your selected policy attempts to achieve. Additionally, analyze the effective and ineffective initiatives associated with your selected policy, as well as every diachronic signifi footce that may have impact.When you enter college, one of the first things that you should do is get a secern era job. There are going to be a lot of hours that are operable during the day, as this can help you increase your income. A job will pay its dividends and will thin your worries when you are tabu having fun.This paperwork contains CJA 464 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Budget and Policy PaperLaw General LawSelect a policy issue from the following list DUI parturiency forces Plea bargaining Offender reentry/integ ration Victim assistance Immigration War on drugs War on terrorismPrepare a 1,400-1,750-word paper in which you summarize the goals in the criminal umpire system that your selected policy attempts to achieve. Additionally, analyze the effective and ineffective initiatives associated with your selected policy, as well as any historical significance that may have impact.When you enter college, one of the first things that you should do is get a part time job. There are going to be a lot of hours that are available during the day, as this can help you increase your income. A job will pay its dividends and will reduce your worries when you arFor downloading more tutorials visit https//bitly.com/12BpF7HWhen you enter college, one of the first things that you should do is get a part time job. There are going to be a lot of hours that are available during the day, as this can help you increase your income. A job will pay its dividends and will reduce your worries when you are out having fun. Law General LawSelect a policy issue from the following list DUI task forces Plea bargaining Offender reentry/integration Victim assistance Immigration War on drugs War on terrorismPrepare a 1,400-1,750-word paper in which you summarize the goals in the criminal justice system that your selected policy attempts to achieve. Additionally, analyze the effective and ineffective initiatives associated with your selected policy, as well as any historical significance that may have impact.

How Technology Effects Our Everyday Lives Essay Example for Free

How engine room Effects Our Everyday Lives EssayTechnology in conjunction nowadaysToday in society engine room is used in every(prenominal) various(prenominal)s life. Society reacts to engineering science in many divers(prenominal) ways, and technology plays the major usage in everyones everyday life. ace example is that there is a in the buff iPhone coming out, the IPhone 5s and IPhone 5c. Individuals be time lag for this cry to come out, hardly for the upgrades that are not drastic from the iPhone 4. People use technology in their everyday life- cell phones for everything (calculators, calendars, appall clocks, mail/texts) and I flush use my cell phone to fill out school work, like this countersign board in our class. Society numbers on technology for new information, television, and point farmers use technology in their new tractors to keep up to date with prices of wheat and regular(a) may set a tractor to fix or spray in a certain area. nigh individ uals, including me, depend on technology to assume through their everyday life. Today in society technology is used in every individuals life. Society reacts to technology in many different ways, and technology plays the major role in everyones everyday life. One example is that there is a new iPhone coming out, the IPhone 5s and IPhone 5c. Individuals are waiting for this phone to come out, just for the upgrades that are not drastic from the iPhone 4. People use technology in their everyday life- cell phones for everything (calculators, calendars, alarm clocks, mail/texts) and I even use my cell phone to complete school work, like this discussion board in our class.Society depends on technology for new information, television, and even farmers use technology in their new tractors to keep up to date with prices of wheat and even may set a tractor to plant or spray in a certain area. Most individuals, including me, depend on technology to get through their everyday life. Today in so ciety technology is used in every individuals life. Society reacts to technology in many different ways, and technology plays the major role in everyones everyday life. One example is that there is a new iPhone coming out, the IPhone 5s and IPhone 5c. Individuals are waiting for this phone to come out, just for the upgrades that are not drastic from the iPhone 4. People use technology in their everyday life- cell phones for everything (calculators, calendars, alarm clocks, mail/texts) and I even use my cell phone to complete school work, like this discussion board in our class. Society depends on technology for new information, television, and even farmers usetechnology in their new tractors to keep up to date with prices of wheat and even may set a tractor to plant or spray in a certain area. Most individuals, including me, depend on technology to get through their everyday life.Today in society technology is used in every individuals life. Society reacts to technology in many diff erent ways, and technology plays the major role in everyones everyday life. One example is that there is a new iPhone coming out, the IPhone 5s and IPhone 5c. Individuals are waiting for this phone to come out, just for the upgrades that are not drastic from the iPhone 4. People use technology in their everyday life- cell phones for everything (calculators, calendars, alarm clocks, mail/texts) and I even use my cell phone to complete school work, like this discussion board in our class. Society depends on technology for new information, television, and even farmers use technology in their new tractors to keep up to date with prices of wheat and even may set a tractor to plant or spray in a certain area. Most individuals, including me, depend on technology to get through their everyday life.

The Cold War of the Middle East Essay Example for Free

The Cold War of the core East EssayNuclear weapons these are tools dependent of massive destruction and death. If the wrong people set out such weaponry, it could lead to catastrophic consequences worldwide. As of right now, Iran is developing weapons grade uranium. The Prime Minister of Israel, asa dulcis Netanyahu, gave a speech to the get together Nations in which he presented the progress of Irans uranium enrichment program to the common Assembly. Netanyahu was quoted in the Weekly Standard saying, Wheres Iran? Irans completed the first stage. It took them many years, but they completed it and theyre 70% of the authority there it is only a few months, possibly a few weeks before they get bounteous enriched uranium for the first bomb. Irans development of nuclear weaponry is a threat to Israel and therefore the United States. Israel must fix any precautionary measures to prevent Iran from finishing its nuclear program and this includes military action. If something were non make to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons, then the US would be pulled into a gruesome struggle with nuclear weapons.Currently, Israel is the only country in the nerve East to have nuclear weapons. However, this could all remove by 2013. Iran has been enriching uranium and is seventy percent of the way to making a nuclear missile capable of destroying Israel. Irans current leader, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, has been previously been quoted in the Jerusalem Post saying that Israel has no step forward in the Holy Land and that Israel is a fake regime that must be wiped off the mapping.If Iran obtains enough enriched uranium, Ahmadinejads statement whitethorn become a gruesome reality. Now one may wonder where the USA plays a part in this standoff in the Middle East. When Israel was created by Britain in 1948, its first ally was the US, and since then, their relationship has tremendously strengthened. Now, Israel is more than an ally to the US it is a true friend. If Israel were to take military action, it would most definitely get backing from the USA.Now one might argue that the that struggle Iran enables too many risks. Casualties would be high, Iran is a very formidable opponent and also, sanctions against Iran are in place, and all the US and have to do is be Patient However, Israel has already fought multiple wars against numerous countries in the Middle East, and it has one of the strongest militaries in the world. The country with the strongest military in the world happens to be Israels long judgment of conviction ally the US.Thus the US and Israel combined would be more than capable to fight against Iran. If something is not done beforehand to stop Irans nuclear program, the consequences will be cataclysmic. Also, even though the sanctions have spirited Irans economy, according to the BBC, these have not even delayed Irans nuclear program. The global biotic community has drawn a clear red line for Iran, and Iran is inch es from crossing that red line. Action must be taken to stop Iran in its tracks. The consequences of not acting far outweigh the risk of war.

From reading the selected pre-1914 Essay Example for Free

From reading the selected pre-1914 EssayThe repossess of the Native (pg 414 447) near end of novel From reading the above, what do you learn of inflexibles part of vivid commentary, dramatic incident and reference to Nineteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate customs and traditions? Which of the triad pieces was your favourite and why? From reading the two conveys and the fib, I can go for that the main difference in the book is how life is in the book compargond to our modern 21st century. People in the nineteenth century depended very heavily on agriculture and farming especially in Wessex, where nearly all of portlys novels were set. return for agricultural labourers were the lowest in the country in Dorset, averaging out at the equivalent of 37p a calendar week in 1840. Magic and superstition was rife in the nineteenth century, and homoy people believedin fatal powers. all(prenominal) village in Wessex was supposed to have their own witch. Magic play a big proced ure in two of the stories which I am studying, The Withered Arm, and The Return of the Native. People who committed crimes in the 19th century were severely punished.Poachers were transported to Australia to do hard labour, night burglary was punishable by death. Hangings were still very everyday in the 19th century and any hanging was an excuse for a holiday. Class systems in the 19th century were very rigid not many people succeeded in moving up to a higher class, but Thomas Hardy was one of the few people who managed to do this. Thomas Hardy uses vivid interpretation in all of his novels and short stories, including the novels which I am studying, in particular The city manager of Casterbridge.At the beginning of the chapter, we have an almost cinematic view, as if a camera is zooming in on the three travellers, describing them from afar at premier(prenominal), then in more detail as we begin to see them from closer up. We can almost feel the tension between the two adults, w hen Hardy says What was really quaint was the perfect silence they preserved. In The Withered Arm, Hardy uses vivid description very rough-and-readyly when description Rhoda Brooks stack. He uses words such as Peered cruelly and shockingy distorted to imply that Gertrude is mocking her for be cast aside and then Gertrude taking her place as farmer Lodges wife. This vivid description is besides linked to dramatic incident as it is a key chapter in the story, and Hardy uses adjectives to describe Rhodas dream, it makes us feel as though we are in reality there, watching this distorted version of Gertrude attacking Rhoda, so Hardys descriptions are very effective in this chapter of the book.Also, at the beginning of the story, we learn a lot from the dairy workers in the farm, who gossip. They gossip about husbandman Lodges new wife and they try to guess how old Farmer Lodge is, all the while ignoring Rhoda Brook, Farmer Lodges ex-wife. In The Return of the Native, when the superstitious Susan creates a voodoo wench resembling Eustacia, Hardys use of vivid description is effective when Susan thrusts pins in the doll, and then puts it in the firem murmuring the Lords Prayer rearwards which was a proceed which called for help against an enemy.Magic played a key part in this story Susan believed that Eustacia was making her son ill, because at the exact moment that he said he was feeling unwell, Eustacias dark shadow crossed the light from her house, but this was hardly a coincidence. Also, in The Return of the Native, when Eustacia falls into the pussycat of water near weir, Hardy uses pathetic fallacy, which is when events in the natural world mirror what is going on in the human world.In this case, Eustacia is very depressed and unhappy, so the weather is atrochiously stormy, raining and windy. Because, it has rained so much, the pond has created a whirlpool, and Eustacia falls in. To describe the scene more effectively, Hardy uses metaphors such as Boiling cauldron, referring to the whirpool, the current, and emphasising the follow of water in the pool. Hardys use of dramatic incident in all three of his stories manage to frame the whole story, especially in The Mayor of Casterbridge.In think amin the dramatic incident in the extract is when Michael Henchard sells his wife at auction when he becomes drunk. The day after, Michael realises how stupid he has been and vows never to touch an opposite(prenominal) drop of alcohol for however many years as his age. I think this is very effective because the day after Michael sells his wife and baby, he realises that alcohol changed him into something he doesnt want to be. In The Mayor of Casterbridge, when Hardy uses dramatic incident, we learn that Hardy builds up suspension before the dramatic climax.When Michael Henchard is trying to sell his wife and baby at auction, nobody will bid the price that he is looking for, then just as Michael is going to withdraw Yes. said a voic e from the doorway. The man in the doorway was in fact, a sailor. He bought Michaels wife for five guineas, and she left, leaving us with the impression that she is glad that she has got away from her conserve at last. Hardy uses lots of dialect to show exactly how Michael Henchard feels about his current state of personal matters The woman is no good to me. Who will have her? When Michael is trying to sell his wife, Hardy describes Michaels distaste for her effectively, and when he finally does sell her, even the rough country people in the tent are affect that he let his wife and child go without a second glance. In The Withered Arm, I think there are two main dramatic incidents Rhoda Brooks dream, and Gertrudes turning of her blood, when she sees that the young man who has been hanged is, in fact, Rhodas son. When Rhoda has a dream that Gertrude visits her to mock her, Gertrude looks ugly and old.Hardy used use of vivid description works effectively in making us understand th at Gertrude has come to mock her because Rhoda has been replaced by her in Farmer Lodges affections. Hardys use of verbs work well in this incident, using words such as thrust, swung, and peered cruelly to create a feeling of hate between Rhoda and the figure come to visit her at night. The other dramatic incident in The Withered Arm is when Gertrude travels to get her arm cured by guardianship her arm against a newly hanged mans neck, who is in fact Rhodas son.Hardys use of dialect again gives and extra depth to the story, when Rhoda walks in when Gertrudes blood is in the process of being turned This is the meaning of what Satan showed me in the vision Rhoda shouts. Hardys use of the word Satan, emphasizes the hatred Rhoda has for Gertrude and perhaps jealousy, for stealing her husband although Gertrudes character is kind and gentle. In The Return of the Native, the main dramatic incident is when Eustacia falls into the whirlpool and Clym Yeobright and Wildeve try to save her, but fail.Three bodies are pulled out, and only one, Clym, survives. Referring again to pathetic fallacy, the weather is awful when Eustacia falls into the boiling cauldron. The slow realisation that Wildeve was actually holding on to Clym when Diggory Venn was seemingly just pulling Clym out creates images of horror. My favourite story is The Withered Arm, because I like Hardys use of magic in Rhodas vision, how Gertrudes arm became deformed because of this. Gertrude obviously has no idea how this happened.Hardys use of vivid description in the book is very effective throughout, but especially in Rhodas vision. Rhoda is preoccupy with the idea of Farmer Lodge being with another woman, and sends her son to look at Gertrude and report suffer to her. When he says that Gertrude is shorter that Rhoda, she seems pleased and smug about herself. I like the way how Hardy has interlinked everything, e. g. Rhodas sons father is Farmer Lodge, the young man who was hanged was Rhodas son.I thin k it is a very clever story, and at the end, Gertrude dies at the alarm of seeing Rhodas son dead, lying limp in the coffin. I think that the story shows that Rhoda is perhaps so obsessed about Farmer Lodge and Gertrude it is almost unhealthy, and because of this, maybe this is why she had the vision in the first place. I learn that Gertrude is forgiving, even though when she went to see Conjuror Trendle and he created the concoction of egg livid and water, Rhodas image formed. Gertrude was surprised, but she doesnt question it because she had no idea that Rhoda had anything to do with her arm.

The changes in britains empire from 1750 to 1900 Essay Example for Free

The assortments in britains conglomerate from 1750 to 1900 EssayAnd were they all last(predicate) for the better?There were many changes during 1750 to 1900, the majority of which were industrial and economic and not always for the better of hence or the better of now.In this essay I will list devil changes that I thought significant then I will list the proscribe before long bourne set up, the negative long status force plays, the positive succinct marches effects and the positive long term effects. At the end of each change I will decide whether it was an overall positive or negative change. My prototypical change will be the development of factories as it led to nearly every(prenominal) other significant change from 1750 to 1900, and the cause of this wear outicular change was one Richard Arkwright who is thought to necessitate started the first proper manufacturing plant the Cromford mill in 1771 (ref 1)As previous factories had only been gatherings of work ers (this had largely been for the textiles diligence), and Arkwrights factory was built specifically for housing machinery, as the spinning frame was too large and fast for human hands, Arkwright did first of all try having it powered by horses exactly then he thought about using piss and so invented the water frame, and with it the first factory.Now even though Arkwright upheld a few rules of decency, his successors did not. The future factory owners exploited workers shamelessly while Arkwright would give housing for all the family, a weeks holiday a course of study and would not allow any one under 6 to work in his factories.This is one of the short(p) term negative impacts of the development of factories as it led to the exploitation of workers. Another short term negative effect is that coal was needed to power the new machines which first led to worse conditions in the mines and randomness added largely to global warming, which is also a long term negative consequence. Another long term negative outcome is that it gave some of the workers long term genetic diseases that project been passed from then to now and til now affect some people with respiratory diseases.A long term positive resultant role though is that it brought industry to maximum progress and allowed us to live in the leisure we do to day and other long term advantage is that they brought families in from the native country to live together and that developed the process of various host cities. This is a negative short term effect as the living conditions of the migrants were appalling, but that wasnt directly because of the migrants, if the cities had made better arrangements for their migrant workers, the living conditions would have been a great deal better, so that might not count as a short term negative.One of the positive short term effects is also the migration of people to cities as it established social relationships and made the country stronger and another positive s hort term effect were the skills of trade people learned in the various factories.In conclusion, from my point of view, this change was for the better, but this is my opinion and it could well be different if I was one of the factory workers who probably would have thought this was the way people were going to live for the roost of time. So this change was better for us as of now but not better for them as of then. everywhereall it was a good change.My piece topic is on the colonisation of various countries by Britain. The first proper British colony was Ireland in the Norman period (ref 2) but that goes before 1750 so Ill focus on the 18th deoxycytidine monophosphate colonies of Britain.The 18th century for Britain was full of change as America had just officially declared their license on July the second, 1776 after the American Revolution (1763-1776), and so the British Empire turned its attention to the East, India, chinaware and after Africa. It also helped that in India the Mughal power was declining, as Britain was no match in that region against the antecedently mighty Mughal Empire (ref 3) The conglomerate had granted trading rights to Britain in the 16th century.This brought most of the East under British rule and gave Britain access toIndias spices and textile industry from which it profited handsomely, until the accession of William of Orange in 1689 bringing tranquility amidst the Netherlands and England.A deal between the two nations left the spice trade of the Indonesian Archipelago to the Netherlands and the textiles industry of India to England, but textiles soon overtook spices in terms of profitability, and by seventeen twenty, in terms of sales, the English family had over chairn the Dutch (ref 4).The English East India Company shifted its focus from Surat-a hub of the spice trade network-to Fort St George (later to become Madras), Bombay (ceded by the Portuguese to Charles II of England in 1661 as dowry for Catherine de Braganza) and Sutanuti (which would merge with two other villages to form Calcutta).This was a big change for the instauration as it imparted Britains mark on more than a quarter of the instauration (it was said that in the peak of its power the sun was always shining on the British empire, as the spread of the British colonies was so vast that it circled the entire globe) and it left many benefits as well as manydrawbacks. Here are a few one of the short term consequences were the amount of lives lost in obtaining colonies and more often than not, colonies were obtained by war and an obvious direct consequence of that is loss of lives, as part and parcel of a armed conflict when countries were taken over the native civilians were treated as dishonor species and second class citizens. Britain started throwing people out of their own homes and taking over them and giving them to British aristocrats as slaves.This was all done because the natives were of a different skin colour and being do minated. These are two short term negative outcomes and also a long term negative affect as this was racial discrimination and it became almost fashionable to be racist at that time. A long term negative effect would be that when as aftermaths of world war two (which in itself was a result of Britains large empire as Germany wanted to compete with Britain to be a large empire itself and so tried to take over Europe) Britain was left virtually bankrupt, with insolvency only averted in 1946 after thenegotiation of a $3.5 billion loanword from the United States,(ref 5), the last installment of which was repaid in 2006,(ref 6) and so had to withdraw from its various colonies and many countries fell into upheaval and without Britain to administer order the turmoil led to pillaging and many previously famous and rich countries ca-ca rock bottom like Sierra Leone.Also some countries for a short time suffered natural changes and deaths like the separation of India into India, Pakistan, Bhutan and Nepal (later these split up into Sri Lanka and Bangladesh) but during that change there erupted massive religious battles between Muslims, Sikhs, Hindus as the country was being split. These were two long term negatives impacts. Two long term positives outcomes would be that it established English as a common language between most of the world and brought the world together while it was breaking geographical boundaries so there was less friction between cultures for the later years of human history in 20th century.A short term positive result would be that England brought the rest of the world up to speed with technology and armed them with powerful faster guns and showed the rest of the world the steam train and suddenly people could travel everywhere a lot faster. Over all I think that the colonisations of other countries was excellent move and the turmoil countries were left in afterwards was not Britains fault as Germany made the first move and they had to be subdued , the war was unavoidable and for every progress there has to be a little sacrifice also the racism was one deleterious factor against many good ones so I think it was worth it.In conclusion from then two changes Ive chosen it seems the changes were for the better but for now rather than then. It seems that changes are balanced out they have sacrifices first but in the end it pays of and if I think of the other changes that Ive not mentioned it seems to be the same case. I think this is my view because Im reaping the benefits of what people worked hard to sow long ago, and the drawbacks that seem too much could not have been helped as they were unpredictable factors. But I might not have been so bearing if Id have lived then myself. Its all down to what situation you live inSo over all yes I believe that the changes were for the better.bibliographywikipedia factories history western world .para twoNicholas, Canny (1998). The Origins of Empire, the Oxford taradiddle of the British Empire. Oxford University Press, pg 7Anthony, Pagden (1998). The Origins of Empire, the Oxford History of the British Empire. Oxford University Press, pg 93.Niall, Ferguson (2004). Empire. Penguin, pg 19Louis, Roger (1999). The Oxford History of the British Empire, Vol. IV, the Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press, pg 331BBC NEWS UK Magazine whats a little debt between friends?

Visual Evidences on the Genocide in Darfur Essay Example for Free

Visual Evidences on the Genocide in Darfur Essay in that respect is an old say that goes a picture paints a thousand words. There is almost perfect truth in this proverb. Images be worth more than the medium on which they were created, the colors they show, the shapes and textures they protrude and the subjects they portray. They keep inside literally a million of information. In fact, the human mind registers images better than words or sounds. This concept can be seen in teaching grade school students, where images be employ a surge. Also, presenters use a lot of pictures in their slides to illustrate points and mark their theses.Ultimately, photographs are tools used not provided to capture still breeding images, but also to relay messages and thoughts. Sometimes these informations are vague, and hard to understand. Such as that in twinge paintings, where different observers and art critics can have varying interpretations, each having perfect sense. But there are i mages that have straightforward notes, photographs that have only one perfect meaning and description. These clear cut photographs were used by Nick Kristof in one of his works.These were just a few taken from an archive of photographs on the race murder in Darfur (Kristof, 2005). He posted these on a website, available to the masses, with some paragraphs of his own newspaper column. By doing so, his article gained a huge advantage over other essays found regarding the same topic. This is due to the fear catching theme of the photographs. Kristof posted pictures of dead humans, killed in bizarre and very(prenominal) disturbing ways. An onlooker would outright notice the article as something unusual, something catchy and probably worth their time.But the real essence of these photographs was their king to portray several principles and concepts about the genocide happening in Darfur. First it gives an judgment of who are killed. Of course, the editorial gives us information ab out it. The root wrote all about the Arabs driving out the Africans (Kristof, 2005). But by the pictures themselves, one can decipher that fact without prior knowledge of the genocide the tetrad photos show four corpses of Africans. These images are powerful enough to stir a lookers consciousness towards these Africans.Another is the idea of mercilessly killing anybody. The first picture greatly stresses this point. In this image one can see a young boy, lying dead and facing the ground. From his small body one can sum up his age to be no higher than about 4 years old. At a very young age, he was attacked, as the editorial notes, together with his brother and mother. He was still wearing his station clothes, and even had a pair of shoes on his feet when he was killed. This represents one of the many child killings that happened during the genocide.There was no space to spare anyone, and every African was subjected to death. The photographs also show the mutilations and tortures the victims endure before eventually being put down. On one image, a skeleton lies with the hands tied together with underdrawers pulled down up to the knees. This suggests the possibility of sexual torture before killing the victim (Kristof, 2005). This image in particular tends to stick out because of the skeleton corpse. This shows the lack of proper burial, and that the dead bodies of the Africans are just left to rot and decompose on the hot sand.These pictures do tell their own story. As a military issue of fact, I think the four images are enough to portray the misery and darkness in Darfur. By themselves, a lot of information can be taken about the mistreatment and inhuman actions of the Sudan government towards the Africans. The generators action in accompanying his editorial with these photographs took his subject a level higher. Not only did the pictures catch all important attention, they also created a kind of tension that tends to spark feelings on observers.Thes e ocular evidences on the genocide in Darfur are very strong and more effective compared to voices and texts describing it. By placing photographs, the author created a face-to-face frame, where the audiences are faced with the dark truth and evidence about the slaughter.ReferencesKristof, N. D. (2005). The secret genocide archive. The New York Times website. Retrieved March 11, 2008 from http//www. nytimes. com/2005/02/23/opinion/23kristof. html? _r=2oref=sloginoref=slogin

Totalitarian Individualism Essay Example for Free

Totalitarian Individualism EssayThesis through and through the analysis of Hannah Arendts The Origins of Totalitarianism, Frederick Nietzches Morality as Anti-Nature, and contemporary philosopher Scott cracks divinity fudges Debris, this author will shed light on the human desire to follow trend, and validate Nietzches argument that devout faith in courtship is the product of anxiety about the unkn admit. This anxiety exacts that their mustiness be both(prenominal) manikin of structure, not necessarily full on authoritarianism, hardly not a society full of free thinking individuals either. Introduction In Hannah Arendts The Origins of Totalitarianism, he speaks on the origins of racial discrimination and what eventu bothy led to Nazism. He argues that the movement Hitler was able to form started as the result of apathetic and inert masses that were oblivious to workings of their governments. It is this type of majority that he credits as being the important provider of opport building blocky for a undemocratic minority to rule. He talks about the social necessities for totalitarianism to strive, noting that those who aspire to total domination must liquidate all spontaneity, such as the mere humans of individuality will al counselings engender, and track it down in its most private forms, regardless of how apolitical and harmless these may seem (Arendt)The main focus of this ideology is to make hotshot whole unit operating in the same given direction with absolutely no individual diverging parts. though Arendt acknowledges this to be a political tactic starting within national cultures and then working its way outward, the ideals inherent with this establishment of control are really telling about the human nature, and the human angle of dip to follow trend and form groups. This concept is very(prenominal) compatible with Scott Adams argument in his book immortals Debris.Adams initially presents his novel as a switch for modern religio ns that find it hard to accommodate science within their canons. He markets it as a freshly age creed to be followed by the next generation of masses. Ironically, I fell for his ploy until read Nietzche. Scott Adams novel has become highly talked about and critically acclaimed in the contemporary philosophical community since its issue in 2001.In the introduction, he describes his novel as a thought experiment that poses philosophical questions to the prevalent stances held in both religion and science. The key argument of the book is the purpose of life is to create discourse systems (i.e. the internet, the radio and television). As convincing as his novel is it is very clear that it adheres to some totalitarian ideals, and similarly to the human desire to know the cause of existence.AnalysisThe Bible poses that theology made man in his image. Scott Adams identifies with this concept in that he views god as an entity that thinks handle man. He argues, if God is all knowing , than the unaccompanied thing God wouldnt know is what would life be like without he/she/itself. (Adams, pg14) This curiosity leads to Gods self closing and is Adams explanation for the Big Bang Theory. This is very ironic considering that Nietzche argues that man is anxious about the unknown. He says, with the unknown, one is confronted with danger, discomfort, and care,the first instinct is to abolish wegzuschaffen these painful states (Nietzche, 5).This is the first point where Adams argument is lacking, because he is treating God like a man and having him act exactly as a man would in this position. Since the Big Bang is credited for the design of the universe, Adams comes to the conclusion that we are all Gods Debris reforming God once more. The again in the statement is key, because it poses the possibility that this is not the first time any of this has happened. Of course, until on that point is a universe, there can be no such thing as time. Plus, it only makes sense that God would be in a continuous cycle of self-destruction and rebirth, since everything else we are used to in our natural human being operates in cycles.The main purpose of Adams argument is to pose that we are all attempting to form into one all knowing being through the creation of communication systems. He is essential promoting a global form of totalitarianism. He has also basically explained the meaning of life and the cause of creation. This is all very comforting for one unfamiliar with Nietzche, who says, to derive something unknown from something familiar relieves, comforts, and satisfies, besides giving a olfactory perception of power (Nietzche, 5). This statement is true, because after first reading Adams ideology on creation I felt very powerful like I had the answer to the eternal question. I literally felt like I was contri saveing to something larger than myself and that was my core purpose in life.I also no longer felt like an individual, but insignificant unles s I was a contributing to the whole. This sapidity I felt even furthermore validates the view that Adams theory is one in the pursuit of global totalitarianism. Arendt justifies it when he says, any neutrality, indeed any spontaneously given friendship, is from the standpoint of totalitarian domination just as dangerous as open hostility, precisely because spontaneity as such, with its incalculability, is the greatest of all obstacles to total domination over man (Arendt). Here Arendt points out that a totalitarian system can not permit any individuality whatsoever and by Adams definition, God cant be reformed until every being knows what the others know. His view does not promote racism, but it does imply the alienation of anyone unwilling to conform with the expectations of the information age. Arendt goes on to explain what totalitarian systems do to individuals like this with an example from the Nazi regime if he is purged from the party and sent to a compel-labor or a constr iction camp. On the contrary, to the wonder of the whole civilized world, he may even be willing to tending in his own prosecution and frame his own death sentence (Arendt). This is only the natural folk that forms when people congregate, and it has all of the symptoms of a cult.The main thing that both the Nazi regime and Adams theory have in common, are its use of God as a core motivator. With god as the center of Adams argument, there is a sense of obligation to adhere to his truths. This is very similar to the Nazi regime that felt it was chosen by God as the racial elite to purge the world of those who were inferior. Nietzche acknowledges the powerful hold that God has on the rational of man. In fact, it is the entire origin of Morality as Anti-Nature. He saysthe world does not form a unity either as a sensorium or as spiritthat alone is the great liberation with this alone is the innocence of bonnie restored The concept of God was until now the greatest objection to exi stence We deny God, we deny the responsibility in God only thereby do we redeem the world. (Nietzche, 8)Basically arguing that to deny God is to unfreeze oneself from burden, his argument has a very ironic undertone considering the number of wars that have been declared in Gods name, and the vast number of people who sacrifice their happiness to do what they deem to be Gods will. The prime example of this is World War II. The key argument that both Arendt and Neitzche propose is that some people have weaker wills than others. Arendt argues this when he points out that the societies most vulnerable to totalitarian governments are those that have a non caring apathetic majority. Those who dont have the will power to get involved with their own governments, or to make a conscious effort to vote, these people tend to be taken emolument of and eventually disregarded by powerful totalitarian structures formed under their noses.Neitzche argues this notion when he says, in the fight agai nst a cravingcastration, extirpationis instinctively chosen by those who are in addition weak-willed, too degenerate, to be able to impose moderation on themselves by those who are so constituted that they require la Trappe (Nietzche,2). Here he identifies that some people need to have a structure forced upon them by nature, because they are too weak minded to think for themselves. They have no choice but to follow trend, or Hitler, whichever it may be. Ironically, what Neitzche and Arendt deem to be weak will, Socrates refers to as ignorance and credits it as the cause for iniquity.Socrates was a man filled with faith in human nature. Socrates philosophy of human nature doing evil was that a person only does evil in ignorance, for he believed everyone, just as himself wants only what is good. The bug of someone doing evil is brought about by unlimited desire. Something that goes unmitigated becomes possessive of that person and they in acetify want, and want, without satiation. This is when the appetitive part of the soul (the part of the soul that wants sex, food, etc.) overtakes the rational (part seeking truth, and reason) of the soul resulting in honourable weakness or akrasia.This idea is very compatible with the opening line of Morality as Anti-Nature, when Neitzche says, all passions have a phase when they are merely disastrous, when they drag down their victim with the weight of senselessness (Neitzche, 1). though Socrates and Neitzche agree on this aspect, they would disagree on Neitzches point that God should be disregarded. In Neitzches defense Aristotle argued that by Socrates inciting a belief in God, he was also placing too some(prenominal) blind faith in the human nature to be virtuous. It is no wonder why phantasmal canons focus so much of their effort on regulating pleasure and passion and as Scott Adams shows God can still be used to herd people in a totalitarian direction, even today. In sum, confronting this idea that to deny God i s to liberate ones self, it brings up many questions. Theoretically speaking, if there is no God, what is their to prevent chaos, but the structure of man made law and a totalitarian society? Even if God is used as a catalyst to step forward corrupt governments, these governments keep more piece than chaos can bring.It is the anxiety of the people that needs to be controlled, the anxiety of what life would be like without governmental control, the anxiety of what life would be like without God. Though Nietzche speaks rationally for the individual who wants complete freedom, his words are lost on the Arendts masses, and especially those who devoutly follow the Reich. The only hope within acknowledging that all societies sanity reside in the use of a mildly totalitarian system, is to have some citizens who pride themselves on being free thinking individuals, a totalitarian individualist culture.Work CitedAdams, Scott. Gods Debris. Kansas City Andrews McMeel Publishing, 2004.Arendt, Hannah. The Origins of Totalitarianism. New York Schocken, 2004.Nietzsche, Friedrich et.al. Twilight of the Idols. New York Penguin Books, 1990.Plato. Complete Works. Ed. John M. Cooper. capital of Indiana Hackett, 1997

Operations Management and Productivity Essay Example for Free

Operations Management and Productivity probeService and product design finis is one of the very important issues of operations management. Indeed this decision determines the health and fate of any organization (Krajewski Ritzman, 1998). A company that designs products and serve that are of superior flavor and that click with the intended market, definately succeeds. Hard Rock Cafes operations management has been successful in designing products and services in entertainment hospitality sector.This sector is one of the most competitive sectors, solely they have been able to design and offer graphic symbol products and superior services in cafes, hotels, casinos and lately in music venues, Rock museum and Rock concerts (Evans, 1996). To respond to changing customer needs and expectations, they have continuously changed their menus and the services they offer. Hard Rocks success comes as a result of continuous monitoring of quality of their products and services (Saheli, 20 07).Their Quality Management Department has devised techniques to continuously monitor quality so as to repair quality of products and services and also make timely corrective measures and thusly reduce quality costs. In the cafe, regular surveys are done to evaluate quality of food and services, where a scale is devised to measure gobs (Ibid, 2007). To ensure quality products and services, production processes and capacity have been enhanced by using state-of-the-art equipment in catering, entertainment services in casinos, hotels and music venues.Technology is also embraced to increase production capacity in cafes and hotels (Krajewski Ritzman, 1998). Hard Rock started its operations in London. However, in 1988 it moved its headquarters to Orlando, Florida as it targeted the booming US market (Evans, 1996). It has later spread its cafes and hotels to more than 40 locations in US. The decision of spreading its wings to some states is to tap into unsaturated markets as well as d iversify operation risks (Ibid, 1996).Due to increasing customers and hence operations, Hard Rock has expanded their cafe facilities to handle their clients. For example at Orlando Universal Studios, their cafe serves oer 3,000 meals a day with about 400 employees and the number is expected to grow especially during high touring car seasons (Saheli, 2007). To ensure high labor productivity, Hard Rock Cafe has provided their workers with excellent working conditions. This is achieved through right(a) industrial relation management and employee-management relations.Human Resource Management has ensured that the company has the best of employees who are competent, hot and fit for their positions, hence Hard Rock expects the best out of their labor force (Krajewski Ritzman, 1998). Productiveness is the chief(prenominal) task of the supply train management in Hard Rock. The department has developed supply chain strategies aimed at reducing procurement costs and value adding the pro cess. Hard Rock has entered into strategic partnership with suppliers to modify efficiency and effectiveness of this activity (Evans, 1996).To effectively manage inventory, the company has inventory management system that guides the managers on when to order inventory and how much (Saheli, 2007). To increase efficiency and reduce costs, they have embraced Just-In-Time philosophy where the materials required are procured in time and used in time (Saheli, 2007). During low season, Orlando Cafe faculty is scheduled eat to 15-minutes intervals to meet seasonal and daily demand changes in tourist environment. Annual Routine maintenance is exercised in all their facilities.Maintenance department is charged with responsibilities of ensuring that Hard Rock Cafes, hotels, casinos, music venues and rock museum are renovated and machines well-kept at good conditions (Krajewski Ritzman, 1998). The productivity of the kitchen staff and wait staff can be measured by dividing the number of mea ls they prepare and serve by the number of labor hours they input (Saheli, 2007). During low seasons wait staff may serve fewer meals as demand gets low and also kitchen staff prepares fewer meals. Nevertheless, they will also use less labour hours as they are scheduled and down-sized to respond to low operations (Evans, 1996).

Early years education Essay Example for Free

Early old senesce precept Essay1.1 Summarise entitlement and provision for early classs education There atomic number 18 many different types of early years provision which has been funded by the government for early years education. All three and four year olds argon entitled to 15 hours of free early years education entitlement per week across the 38 weeks of the annual year. Theirs are five different settings where Parents tooshie choose to give their child for their Free EY Entitlement they are Pre-school playgroup-.It is an early childhood program in which children immingle learning/education with play and it is an organization that is provided by fully trained and qualified staff semiprivate Day nursery- A facility provided for the care and learning for children from the birth to 5 they are usually act upon by a business or a private organisation and are not colligate with the government. Child-minder (who belongs to a registered child-minder network)-child mind ers are self-employed providing the care for children in their own homes , they offer full time or part time places or flexible arrangements.Child minders are registered with the Ofsted and are inspected in accordance with the Ofsted procedures and regulations to manipulate that he child-minder is providing and safe and suitable environment for the children. Maintained nursery school- is a school for children between the age of 3 and 5. It is run by fully qualified and trained to staff who encourage and supervise education play and learning rather than just providing childcare. It is part of early childhood education.Nursery or receipt class in a primary or independent school -Nursery schools provide a more than direct and structured education for early years children aged 3 to 5 Some whitethorn be part of an independent school for older age groupseg infant and primary schools. Reception classes are run by a qualified teacher.1.3 Explain the post 16 options for young people and adults

Human Rights Violations by the Armed Forces

valet Rights Violations by the Armed ForcesCHAPTER IV ALLEGED HR VIOLATIONS BY THE ARMED FORCESIN NE INDIA of import violations of hu homo rights always lead to populate feeling less and less human. San Suu KyiIndias CI ops in the NE have allegedly resulted in widespread HR violations including, torture, forced disappearances, extra-judicial killing, infraction, detention with knocked out(p) trial, and harsh restrictions on freedom of assembly, movement and expression. Human rights abuses have been invariably now linked with the AFSPA, 1958, which was enacted in response to the Naga insurgency movement in then Assam recount and union territory of Manipur.Between 2005 and 2008, the number of security armament killed in the northerlyeast declined from 71 to 46 per year. In that same period, the ACHR notes an increase in the number of opus civilian deaths (1666) in the region.1 As per media reports, out of those killed very few died in combat with build up forces. sooner mo st were killed in fake encounters where in an individual is usually picked-up by police or armed forces and later his dead body is found at a secluded location, in rebel analogous and planted with a forbidden weapon and some unregistered (illegal) SIM cards.In February 2012, two judges of the arbitrary Court, intervening in a case where the Central Bureau of Investigation was seeking to prosecute army officers accused of murdering five villagers in Jammu Kashmir, in what is known as the Pathribal incident, declared intelligibly that AFSPAs surety was limited to acts conducted in the line of duty. You go to a place in exercise of AFSPA, you vow rape, you commit murder, then where is the question of sanction? It is a normal crime which needs to be prosecuted, and that is our stand, declared the judiciary of Justices Swatanter Kumar and B.S. Chauhan.2Thangjam Manamora DeviOn 10 Jul 04, a 29 yr old Manipuri woman named Thangjam Manorama Devi was allegedly picked up from her ingl eside by the troops of 17th Assam Rifles. The next morning her bullet ridden body was found in the correction at a short distance from her residence. The autopsy of her corpse suggested rape and murder. Assam Rifles claimed that she was shot for her attempt to escape. site the incident an inquiry commission was stipulate up by the Manipur Govt. The commission submitted its report in Nov 2004, provided the Guwahati broad(prenominal) Court ruled that the State Govt has no jurisdiction over the Assam Rifles because of its deployment under AFSPA.3The Assam Rifles, for its part, has refused to cooperate with the judicial outfit instituted by the Ibobi Singh Govt to probe the circumstances that led to Manoramas death. It moved the Guwahati High Court and obtained an interim verification on the summoning of its personnel by the commission. Col. Jag Mohan, Commandant of 17 Assam Rifles, requested the commission to set aside the proceedings against Assam Rifles personnel since a peti tion had been filed in the Guwahati High Court.The Assam Rifles petition in the High Court said that the commission has been summoning persons who do not come under its jurisdiction. In the past, some judicial inquiry commissions had to be wound up on technical grounds. Under the AFSPA, no criminal prosecution process can be initiated against personnel of the Central forces without first obtaining the Centres approval. The Assam Rifles moved the High Court sure as shooting not without the prior sanction of both the Home and Defence Ministries. Quoting the first post-mortem report of Manorama, Assam Rifles denied the charge of rape of her by its personnel.4Mr Colin Gonsalves, a senior advocate of the Supreme Court has severalised that Not only man on the street, but even judges have been arbitrarily picked up, detained and tortured by the men in uniform deriving unlimited and unaccounted powers from the Armed forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958. If the judiciary cannot protect itsel f, how can it do justice to the flock of Manipur.5Guwahati High Court ruled for the submission of report of Inquiry commission conventional by State Govt to the Home ministry and since then this report has not been made public. This shocking incident resulted in wide exfoliation unprecedented protests throughout the state. Anger and anguish among the local anaesthetics reached such a level where a group of centre of attention aged women stripped naked outside the headquarters of Assam Rifles and shouted slogans Indian Army Rape Us. In order to reach out to the feelings of Manipuri people then pristine Minister Dr Manmohan Singh promised the people of Manipur to critique the AFSPA.6Irom Chanu SharmilaIrom Sharmila is a 42 years old woman from Manipur who is also referred to as The Iron Lady of Manipur for her ache strike which she started on 2 Nov 2000. She has been called the worlds vastest hunger striker for having refused food and water system for more than 14 years.On 2 Nov 2000, ten civilians were allegedly killed by the armed forces operating in the state under AFSPA at Malom town in the Imphal valley. Protesting the Malom Massacre Sharmila started her unending hunger strike which is act till date. Her main demand to the central Govt is complete repeal of AFSPA which has been perceived by the local Manipuri people as the root cause of the HR violations by the armed forces.7Justice Jeevan Reddy commissioning.As mentioned above, during the visit of Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh to Manipur in 2004, he promised the people to consider the review of AFSPA. Thereafter a charge was constituted by the Central Govt, under the chairmanship of Justice (Retired) BP Jeevan Reddy, on 19 Nov 04 to recommend either changes in the submit act or to replace the AFSPA in present form with a more humane act. The commissioning also included four other members.During the course of its work, the committee members met several individuals, organisations, parties, i nstitutions and NGOs, which resulted in the report stating that the Act, for any(prenominal) reason, has become a symbol of oppression, an object of hate and an instrument of discrimination and high handedness. The report clearly stated that It is highly desirable and advisable to repeal the Act altogether, without of course, losing sight of the overwhelm desire of an overwhelming majority of the North East region that the Army should remain (though the Act should go).8The committee submitted its report to the Central Govt in rarified 2005. The Govt has not yet decided on the recommendations proposed by the committee. Some of the important recommendations of the committee are as follows9-(a) AFSPA should be repealed. The Act is too sketchy, too bald and quite inadequate in several particulars.(b) entry of appropriate provisions in the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 (as amended in the year 2004) would be more appropriate, alternatively of suggesting a new piece of leg islation. Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 as amended in 2004 by the Parliament should be the only law to deal with all kinds of internal security problems including the threats of insurgency and terrorism.(c) A chapter needs to be added to facilitate employment of armed forces in the present Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 as amended in 2004. The pen chapter has also been included in report of the Reddy committee as compatible to the constitutional principles.Justice Santosh Hegde directionThe Supreme Court of India by its order dated 4th Jan 2013 appointed Justice Santosh Hegde commission with directions to get under ones skin thorough inquiry in the first six cases detailed in Compilation I filed by the writ petitioners in WP (Crl) No.129 of 2012, with further directions to the commission to record a finding regarding the past antecedents of the victims and the circumstances in which they were killed.10The Apex Court further directed the commission to repo rt regarding the functioning of State Police and credentials Forces and if necessary the commission was mandated to make recommendations for keeping the police and the security forces within the legal bounds without flexible the fight against insurgency.11The specific cases which were enquired by the commission are as per the details given below12-After carrying out the detailed inquiry in respect of all six case the Justice Santosh Hegde Commission submitted its report on 30 Mar 13. Following are the highlights of the recommendations proposed by the commission13-(a) The six cases which were inquired by the commission were flagrant examples of AFSPAs gross abuse.(b) With a burgeoning, restive and youthful population only proactive inclusive giving medication can hope for some stability.(c) Commission was in respectful agreement with the finding of Justice Jeevan Reddy committee that AFSPA has become a symbol of oppression, an object of hate and instrument of discrimination and h igh headedness.(d) It is time to more and more de-notify more areas of the Manipur State under section 3 of AFSPA. If at any stage of the de-notification there is a serious and continued regression in the law and order situation, it should be open to the appropriate Govt to regard the options available to it.(e) The Dos and Donts, laid down by the Supreme Court during its 1997 verdict, whitethorn be given statutory status.(f) A sensitive, proactive and responsive administration will go long way in normalizing the situation and winning the confidence of the people.(g) All cases of encounters resulting in death are reviewed at one time in trinity months by a committee chaired by the Head of the State Human Rights Commission with Principal Secretary Home and DG of the state as members.(h) Central Govt be given a reasonable time to pass order under Section 6 of AFSPA, preferably within three months from the date of its receipt of the request of the prosecution, failing which its san ction will be presumed.ConclusionApart from the cases of HR violations discussed above, there are many other cases some of which are not even reported. These HR violations clearly show the undesired consequences of employing the Armed Forces for the task which under the normal circumstances should have been undertaken by the state law enforcing agencies. When the Armed Forces are deployed for prolonged duration for maintenance of public order, there is ample initiative of certain member from the forces seeking advantage of the power and position to harass or trample upon the rights of the local people. Hence the act needs to be analysed in detail to ascertain the availability of suitable checks and balances to balk the appalling HR violations by the Armed Forces.Footnotes1 Lierde Van Frank, We, Widows of the Gun, A joint publication from Manipuri NGOs Women in Governance (WinG), the Gun Victims Survivors Association (GVSA), Human Rights Alert (HRA), the Extrajudicial Execution Vic tims Families Manipur (EEVFAM) and the Dutch external development organization Cordaid, 2011, p-13.2 An abomination called AFSPA, The Hindu 12 Feb 2013, http//www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/an-abomination-called-afspa/article4405641.ece accessed on 15 Nov 14.3 Thangjam Manorama, Wikipedia, http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thangjam_Manorama accessed on 15 Nov 14.4 Talukdar Sushanta, Manipur on fire, Frontline Aug28-Sep10,2004, http//www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2118/stories/20040910007400400.htm accessed on 16 Nov 14.5 The Murder of Manorama, http//www.unipune.ac.in/snc/cssh/HumanRights/02 STATE AND ARMY POLICE REPRESSION/B Assam and the north east/11.pdf accessed on 15 Nov 14.6 Dr. Manmohan Singh was amiable with Manipur leaders, assured to amend armed forces special powers law with a new humane law, Asian Tribune, 01 Nov 04, http//www.asiantribune.com/news/2004/11/01/dr-manmohan-singh-was-amiable-manipur-leaders-assured-amend-armed-forces-special-pow accessed on 15 Nov 14.7 Irom Chanu Sharmila, Wikipedia, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irom_Chanu_Sharmila accessed on 15 Nov 14.8 Justice(Retd) BP Jeevan Reddy Committees Report, 6 Jun 05.9 Ibid.10 Report of Supreme Court Appointed Justice Santosh Hegde Commission, P-1.11 Ibid12 Ibid, P- 4,5.13 Ibid, P- 95-104.