A Blind Man Makes Him See

Cathedral (28) is Raymond cutters short story about the anticipation and fulfillment of wizard globes encounter with his married wo whiles cunning friend. The man, who is in bid manner the bank clerk, is wary of this rendezvous, having knget no artifice raft in his own life up to that point. His ignorance is apparent as he thinks of blind people only from a cinematic perspective. He discerns us My idea of sightlessness came from the movies. In the movies the blind moved slowly and never laughed (28). From his cynical and doubtful tone, we can tell that the main character is a complacent man full of self-doubt with an in great power to think outside of world that he knows.The narration, however, changes unexpectedly after the blind man has been at their home for the evening. He undergoes an epiphany as the blind man opens our narrators eye to an earthly concern he did not know was possible. The main characters hazard is underscored by his in tycoon to acknowledge the sig nificance of another man in his wifes life, whether an ex-husband or simply an old friend. This is exemplified by the fact that he avoids detecting the name of his wifes ex-husband.While this may search like a negligible factor, it would not be so central if the narrator did not make it aware that this omission of detail was solely and defiantly intentional. He harps Her officerwhy should he have a name? He was the childhood sweetheart, and what more does he want? (29). Additionally, during the consider he morosely sits and watches his wife and Robert, the blind man, converse hoping to hear her mention his name. I waited in vain to hear my name on my wifes sweet lips And then my dear husband came into my life something like that. But I heard nothing of the sort.More talk of Robert (32). When the conversation does playing period toward him, he at first cannot engage due to these insecurities and discomfort with the blind man. From time to time, hed turn his face toward me, put his afford under his beard, ask me something. How long I had been in my present power? (Three years. ) Did I like my work? (I didnt. ) Was I going to stay with it? (What were the options? ) (33). understandably our narrator is not thrilled with his life and does not care to do anything about it where as the blind man so far had a life that seemed more fulfilling in spite of his impairment.The narrator admits that Robert was regular blind jack of all trades (32). He also makes note of Roberts ability to function as a normal human being something he never realized was possible. Robert ate, drank, and smoked just like anyone else and could even tell if the TV was color or black and white. It is this attention to Roberts ability to function that begins the narrators change. The narrators epiphany crystallizes with his attempt to puff the cathedrals appearing on a late-night television program to Robert.Robert suggests that the he set the cathedral and envelops his hand as he runs in order to physically trace the silhouettes as they are drawn. The narrator is then instructed to close his eyes and keep drawing. At that moment, the narrator shares a commonplace with the blind man as they both trace the silhouettes of the drawing without being able to see. The narrator says It was like nothing else in my life up to now (37). however after told to open his eyes and look at the picture he had drawn, the narrator does not. He says My eyes were still closed. I was in my house. I knew that.But I didnt feel like I was inside anything (37). At that point the narrator is released from the captivity of his ignorance and insecurity. He was not impaired by his closed eyes as he was still able to draw the cathedral and even though he was at home, it is as if the undertaking of walls and boundaries did not exist. It is at this point that he is able to see the means the blind man sees without his eyes, with all other senses liberated. Work Cited Carver, Raymond. Cathedral The Norton launching To Literature. By Alison Booth and Kelly J. Mays. New York, 2010. 929-42. Print.

Capital Punishment Essay

The world is full of mysterious answers to questions Why does the insolate rise? Is there a higher power just aboutwhere? These questions suffer be answered unity of two ways either through friendship or belief. The accuracy of these answers, however, fuel vary greatly depending on which manner of knowing is used. Belief, for example, is the least accurate option of the two. Belief is soulal. Different individuals whitethorn defend different beliefs on the same matter. People tend to have different beliefs depending on their way of thinking, which in turn depends on the persons upbringing, education, knowledge, etc.Knowledge however is something universal there be no different views factored into knowledge. It is something that is void of any emotions or personal beliefs. When it comes to nifty penalisation, the answer for whether or non governments should be allowed to execute criminals is an answer found on belief. Some people whitethorn believe that jacket penaliza tion is misuse while some may believe that it is just. No one knows for sure whether or not its right or wrong to execute criminals. Some faith groups, such as the Roman Catholic Church, oppose the remnant penalty as not being pro- livelihood. Catholic Cardinal McCarrick, Archbishop of Washington, writes the termination penalty diminishes all of us, increases disrespect for human life, and entreats the tragical illusion that we can teach that killing is wrong by killing. This consultation is base off of reason. It shows the side of the debate that views executing criminals as wrong. aft(prenominal) all, if we kill someone to teach that killing is wrong, doesnt that make us just as bad? If a civilized confederation cannot decl are why one man should be executed and another not, severalised Justice Matthew Tobriner, it does not rationally, logically take life.Instead, it grossly denies due abut of law, inflicting death on the basis of a trial that is capricious, discri minatory and guess-infected. For example, wrong convicted, innocent people have received death penalty sentences and were killed by the state. People are accused of crimes they didnt commit frequently. How can the state be sure of whether or not the person whose life theyre taking is actually doing justice, or just murdering an innocent person? This is based on reason. Arguing for keen punishment, the Clark County, Indiana ProsecutingAttorney writes that there are some defendants who have earned the ultimate punishment our society has to offer by committing murder with aggravating circumstances present. I believe life is sacred. It cheapens the life of an innocent murder victim to say that society has no right to keep the murderer from ever killing again. In my view, society has not only the right, but the duty to act in self defense to protect the innocent. Some crimes are so horrific that some people think that revenge or retribution is the only option.This reason is not ba sed on logic but rather, it is based on emotions. Therefore, this reason should not be deemed a valid justification. It is ordinaryly believed that the punishment of a crime should equal the crime. This is also known as an oculus for eye justice. Therefore using this reason, the appropriate punishment for murder is death. brusk Carrington states, is there any way one can tell whether the death penalty deters murders from killing? There is no way one can tell whether the deathpenalty deters murderers from killing.The argument goes on that proponents of capital punishments should not have to bear the burden of proving deterrence by a probable doubt. Nor should the abolitionist have to prove deterrence by a well-founded doubt -neither side would be able to anyway. He also claims common sense supports the inference that if, the threat of the death penalty decreases, the rate of murders increases than it may be true. Butif the threat had increased, the homicide rate may decrease. T his statement content that capital punishment may serve as an example to manque criminals, to deter them from committing murder or terrorist acts.In conclusion, I find the arguments against capital punishment the most convincing. All of the inferences made in the argument against the death penalty have been based on reason or perception. An argument pro death penalty was based on emotion and has positive(p) me that the death penalty is in large part, a way of acquire even. The eye for an eye analogy supports this. Previously, I was for capital punishment, but due to the evidence and the knowledge and not belief, that support the claims, I am against capital punishment. Word Count = 765

The Challenges for Informatics in Developing Software for Modern Multikernel Computers

The challenges for Informatics in developing parcel for modernistic multikernel reck integrityrs Abstract The purpose of this post is to examine the introduction of line of latitude reason and the challenges of softw be developmentfor latitude execution environment. First I impart introduce the idea of gibe computing and up next I will present and evaluate the challenges of parallel computing along with their solutions and last some conclusion will be drawn. Vertical & Horizontal victimisation in ComputingThe question arise when we argon hypothesizeing to the highest degree how the conglomerate scientific capersof the twenty-first century including climate modeling, genomic research and artificial information are testing the limits of the Von Neumann model of sequential bear on. In the past, computer scientists worked on the virgin approach to extend thepower of computers in upended manner, this means that they were operative on producing massive super computers but with late(a) advances in technology and reducing cost of resources and arrival of multi kernel processing has helped us to think intimately new modalitys to solve huge and Gordian problem in parallel manners.Introduction to parallel computing For the close part, along with a host of new research questions that have arisen in the last decade, there remains a signifi gouget challenge today. double processingoffers the promise of providing the computational speed required to solve all-important(a) large-scale problems. In fact, parallel processing requires a big throw in how we think to solve the problem. Regardless of new hardware technologies, we should think slightly the new approach of developing software systems and also the way we think about our problem and presenting our solution. (Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms).Challenges of parallel computing For the sake of applying the power and flexibility of multi-core processors, we should think about a new appro ach tobreakdown huge problemsinto smaller atoms. A better deterrent example of parallel processing occurs when a divide and conquer model is employ to solve a task. In this approach the problem is successively partitioned into smaller and smaller parts and sent off to other processors, until each one has only a trivial job to perform. Each processor therefore completes that trivial physical process and re patchs its result to the processor that sent the task.These processors in turn do a little work and give the results back to the processors that gave them the tasks, and so on, all the way back to the originating processor. In this model there is cold more communications between processors. n the next step, we should think about how to express our program which can be executable in a parallel computing environment. Functional programing plays a vital uptake in this area, since it provide programmer to solve their issue in working(a) manner rather than sequential processi ng. there are simple principles in structural programming such as avoiding Mutable states, Lambdas, Closures and more importantly fact mood paradigm which help programmers to free their mind about concurrency, synchronization, Race condition and other multi core computation issues. Although parallelfunctional programminghelps us to represent our program in declarative manner in range to be applicable for parallel execution, but the problem is remain unsolved without thinking about how we can manage data in parallel computing environment.industrial Revolution of Data Age of Big Data Were now entering into new age of computing named as Industrial Revolution of Data. In fact, the majority of data will be produced automatically by opposite kinds of machine such as software logs, video cameras, RFID, wireless sensors and so on. Due to the considerable decrease in cost of computer resources, storing those data is so cheap, so companies tend to ask and store them in huge data wareh ouse for future when it can be mined for valuable information.TheBig Data now line ups to play, working with such distributed, huge and complex data would be impossible or better to say inefficient with existing software and databases system. We should think about other approaches for storing large focalize of data which is stored in different computers and in the next step effectively mining and executing queries from those sources. Perhaps the biggest game-changer to come along isMapReduce, the parallel programming framework that has gained prominence thanks to its use at web search companies.The research in parallel computing has had the most success and influence in parallel databases. In fact, sort of of breaking out a large problem into smaller element execute by different threads simultaneously, parallel database help us to store, querying and retrieve data from distributed resources over network effectively. MapReduce as collimate Programming Framework MapReducealgorithm is invented by Google to cope with Big Data in their search engine system. In fact, MapReduce is containing two simple primitives function which are available in Lisp and also in other functional languages.The computation include two basic operation, a map operation which execute on input records containing key/value pairs, and then invoking a reduce operation which stash away and aggregate all responses from different nodes. There are many different Implementations in different programming languages which are exist and used in industry for processing large set of data. In fact, most ofNoSQL databasesuse this algorithm for collecting data from different sources in distributed heterogeneous environment. The biggest advantage of MapReduce is that it allows for distributed processing of map and reduction function.In fact, it allows us, to collect and process distributed data stored in different machine simultaneously. Conclusion Parallel computingcan help us to solve hug complex prob lem in more efficient way. In order to place our task we should think about different challenges which we cope in developing software for parallel execution environment. However, we should bear in mind that parallel computing is useful when we are facing with a big problem which can distributed among different computing agents. In addition, we should deeply think about thenature of problem,timeas well aslimitsandcostsof Parallel Programming.

Agriculture and Wiley

Minerals can affect society in umpteen an otherwise(prenominal) slipway for example Surface mining destroys vegetation across coarse argonas, increasing erosion. Open-pit mining phthisiss huge quantities of pee. Acid mine drainage is taint caused when dissolved toxic materials wash from mines into draw closeby lakes and streams. Minerals is approximately 80 per centum of mined ore consists of impurities that constrain wastes after processing. These wastes, called tailings, are usually left in giant piles on the ground or in ponds near the processing plants ( externalize 12. 9). The tailings contain toxic materials such(prenominal) as cyanide, mercury, and sulfuric acid.Left exposed, they foul the air, smear, and water (Wiley, 2009). What is the difference amid metallic and nonmetallic minerals? Provide devil examples from each category and discuss their uses. Earths minerals are elements which are typically compounds of elements and lead precise chemical compositions. Sulfides are mineral compounds in which certain elements are feature chemically with sulfur, and oxides are mineral compounds in which elements are combined chemically with oxygen. Minerals are metallic or nonmetallic (Figure 12. 5).Metals are minerals such as iron, aluminum, and copper, which are malleable, lustrous, and good conductors of heat and electricity. Nonmetallic minerals, such as sand, stone, salt, and phosphates, lack these characteristics (Wiley, 2009). These valuable minerals are used for aircrafts, faucets, nails, wire, and alloy steel products. exploit How are minerals extracted from the Earth and processed? In extracting minerals first they need to finalise which mining will be determined come or undersea mining will be used. Surface mining just center minerals extracted are close to the surface. Surface mining is muchless inexpensive and is more than commonly used. Because even surface mineral deposits occur in rock layers to a lower place Earths surface, the overlying defacement and rock layers, called overburden, must first be removed, on with the vegetation growing in the discoloration. Then giant power shovels surpass out the minerals (Wiley, 2009). Processing minerals often uses a procedure known as smelting. Purified copper, tin, lead, iron, manganese, cobalt, or nickel smelting is done in a blast furnace. Figure 12. 7 shows a blast furnace used to smelt iron. The iron ore reacts with change state (modified coal) to form molten iron and carbon dioxide (Wiley, 2009).What are the different ways minerals can be mined? Provide a brief rendering of at least three types of mining. There are two kinds of surface mining, open-pit surface mining and strip mining. Iron, copper, stone, and gravel are usually extracted by open-pit surface mining, in which a giant hole, called a quarry, is remove in the ground to extract the minerals (Figure 12. 6A). In strip mining, a trench is dug to extract the minerals (Figure 12. 6B). Then a ne w trench is dug parallel of latitude to the old one, and the overburden from the new trench is put into the old one, creating a hill of loose rock called a spoil bank (Wiley, 2009).What heart and souluate does extracting minerals have on the milieu? Mining, curiously surface mining disturbs ample subject fields of soil. In the United States, functioning and abandoned metal and coal mines drive an estimated 9 million hectares (22 million acres). Because mining destroys existing vegetation, this land is particularly prone to erosion, with wind erosion causing air pollution and water erosion polluting nearby waterways and damaging aquatic habitats (Wiley, 2010). disfigurement What is your exposition of soil? What is soil composed of? Why is soil serious to the environment? turd is the uppermost layer of Earths crust and keep ups terrestrial plants, beasts, and microorganisms. Soil is formed from fire materialrock that is slowly fragmented into small particles by biologic al, chemical, and bodily weathering processes. Soil is composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water, and air. Soil horizons are the naiant layers into which many soils are organized, from the surface to the underlying parent material. Vast song and kinds of organisms, mainly microorganisms, inhabit soil and depend on it for shelter, food, and water.Plants anchor themselves in soil, and from it they receive congenital minerals and water. Terrestrial plants could not survive without soil, and because we depend on plants for our food, humans could not exist without soil either (Wiley, 2013). What types of organisms are name in soil? Determine the relationship between soil and organisms. Soil organisms carry out nutrient cycling, the pathway of nutrient minerals or elements from the environment through organisms and back to the environment. What is soil erosion?How can soil become polluted? What effect does soil erosion and pollution have on the environment? Soil organisms provide ecosystem services such as maintaining soil fertility and preventing soil erosion. Water, wind, ice, and other agents cause soil erosion, the wearing outside(a) or removal of soil from the land. Soil erosion reduces fertility because essential minerals and organic matter are removed. Erosion causes sediments and pesticide and fertilizer residues to pollute nearby waterways ( Wiley, 2009). What is the purpose of soil reclamation?To undertake soil reclamation, erosion protection, internet site restoration and reinstatement, taking into account natural processes, operational requirements and technical feasibility, to endure post- look land conditions as similar as possible to those prior to construction or as agreed with the relevant authorities and/or property owner (LMS, 2013). Forestry and Rangeland Resources and heed Strategies Differentiate between government-owned lands and public lands. Which government agencies are intricate with government-owned lands? What is th e purpose of government-owned lands?Private Citizens, corporations, and nonprofit organizations own active 55 pct of the land in the United States, and Native American tribes own about 3 percent. State and local governments own another 7 percent. The federal government owns the rest (about 35 percent). Government-owned land encompasses all types of ecosystems, from tundra to desert, and allow ins land that contains grievous resources such as minerals and fossil fuels, land that possesses historical or ethnical significance, and land that provides critical biological habitat.Most federally owned land is in Alaska and 11 western states (Figure 13. 1). Federal land is managed primarily by quaternary agencies, three in the U. S. Department of the Interiorthe Bureau of Land forethought (BLM), the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), and the National Park Service (NPS)and one in the Department of Agriculturethe U. S. Forest Service (USFS) (Table 13. 1) (Wiley, 2009). Why is the forest a n important ecosystem? Forests, important ecosystems that provide many goods and services to support human society, shoot less than one-third of Earths total land bailiwick.Timber ingatheringed from forests is used for fuel, construction materials, and make-up products. Forests supply nuts, mushrooms, fruits, and medicines. Forests provide employment for millions of people worldwide and offer pleasure and spiritual sustenance in an increasingly crowded world (Wiley, 2009). What is your definition of forest counselling? What is its purpose? Describe the concept of sustainable forestry. Management for timber payoff disrupts a forests natural condition and alters its species composition and other characteristics.Specific varieties of commercially important manoeuvers are planted, and those trees not as commercially sought after are thinned out or removed. Traditional forest management often results in low-diversity forests. In recognition of the many ecosystem services perform ed by natural forests, a newer method of forest management, known as ecologically sustainable forest management, or simply sustainable forestry, is evolving. Sustainable forestry maintains a mix of forest trees, by age and species, rather than imposing a monoculture (Wiley, 2009).What effect does the harvesting of trees and deforestation have on forests and the environment? Is in that location a preferred method for harvesting trees? Explain. In seed tree cutting, almost all trees are harvested from an area a scattering of enviable trees is left behind to provide seeds for the regeneration of the forest. Clear-cutting is harvesting timber by removing all trees from an area and then either allowing the area to reseed and regenerate itself naturally or planting the area with one or more specific varieties of trees. Timber companies prefer clear-cutting because it is the most cost-effective way to harvest trees.The preferred method of harvesting tree is tree cutting as oppose to the other 3 methods (Wiley, 2009). What is a rangeland? Describe rangeland humiliation and desertification. What effect does degradation and desertification have on the environment? Rangelands are grasslands, in some(prenominal) temperate and tropic climates, that serve as important areas of food production for humans by providing fodder for livestock such as cattle, sheep, and goats (Figure 13. 8). Rangelands whitethorn be mined for minerals and energy resources, used for recreation, and preserved for biological habitat and for soil and water resources.The predominant vegetation of rangelands allow ins grasses, forbs (small plants other than grasses), and shrubs. Land degradation is a natural or human-induced process that decreases the succeeding(a) ability of the land to support roves or livestock. This progressive degradation, which induces un reproductive desert-like conditions on formerly productive rangeland (or tropical dry forest), is desertification (Figure 13. 9). It re duces the agricultural productivity of economically valuable land, forces many organisms out, and threatens endangered species. Worldwide, desertification seems to be on the ontogenesis.The United Nations estimates that each year since the mid-1990s, 3,560 km2 (1,374 mi2)an area about the size of Rhode Islandhas turned into desert (Wiley, 2013). What is overgrazing? What effect does this have on rangelands? Overgrazing is the destruction of vegetation caused by too many grazing brutes consuming the plants in a particular area, leaving them unable to recover. Overgrazing accelerates land degradation, which decreases the future ability of the land to support crops or livestock. Desertification is the degradation of once-fertile rangeland or tropical dry forest into nonproductive desert (Wiley, 2009).What strategies can be apply for the management and conservation of forests and rangelands? Endangered U. S. ecosystems include the south Florida landscape, southern Appalachian spruce -fir forests, and longleaf pine forests and savannas. Criteria used to evaluate whether an ecosystem is endangered and to what degree it is threatened include its history of land loss and degradation, its prospects for future loss or degradation, the area the ecosystem occupies, and the number of threatened and endangered species living in that ecosystem (Wiley, 2009). AgricultureWhat is the difference between industrialized floriculture and subsistence factory farm? Industrialized agriculture uses modern methods requiring ample capital input and less land and labor than traditional methods. Subsistence agriculture requires labor and a large amount of land to produce sufficient food to feed a family. There are three types of subsistence agriculture. In slash-and-burn agriculture, small patches of tropical forests are cleared to plant crops. In wandering(a) herding, carried out on arid land, herders move livestock continually to perplex food for them.Intercropping involves grow ing a variety of plants simultaneously on the similar field. What effect do these methods of agriculture have on the environment? environmental problems caused by industrialized agriculture include air pollution from the use of fossil fuels and pesticides, water pollution from untreated animal wastes and agricultural chemicals, pesticide-contaminated foods and soils, and increase resistance of pests to pesticides. Land degradation decreases the future ability of the land to support crops or livestock.Clearing grasslands and forests and draining wetlands to grow crops have resulted in habitat fragmentation, the dissolution of large areas of habitat into small, isolated patches (Wiley, 2013). What is one agricultural challenge, other than soil erosion, that society faces? Explain your answer. Prime farmland in the United States is be lost to urbanization and urban sprawl. Global declines in plant and animal varieties have led many countries to collect germ plasm, plant and animal m aterial that may be used in breeding.Farmers and ranchers strive to increase yields in many ways, including by administering hormones and antibiotics to livestock (Wiley, 2013). How would you describe sustainable agriculture? How does it affect the environment? In regards to agriculture, what are the advantages and disadvantages involved with genetic engineering? Sustainable agriculture uses methods that maintain soil productivity and a good ecological balance while minimizing long-term impacts.Genetic engineering, the manipulation of genes to produce a particular trait, can produce more nutritious crops or crop plants that are resistant to pests, diseases, or drought. Concerns about genetic engineering include unknown environmental effects (Wiley, 2009). References WILEY PLUS Berg, L. R. , & Hager, M. C. (2009). Visualizing Environmental Science (2nd. ed. ). Hoboken, NJ Wiley. http//www. sakhalinenergy. ru/en/documents/45_Soil_Reclamation_and_Site_Reinstatement_E. pdf University o f Phoenix Material Environmental Resources Worksheet

Organic Food Research Essay

When it comes to the intellectual nourishment that you trust on the dinner t sufficient, it is super important to understand how the provender is grown and how nutritious it is. Some food for thoughts atomic number 18 grown development synthetic fertilizers, while others argon grown using natural fertilizers. at that place atomic number 18 foods that atomic number 18 grown using chemical substance weed killers, while other foods argon grown using harvest-tide rotation and mulch to help t tout ensembley widows weeds. You can buy amount that has been raise with antibiotics, fruit hormones, and medications. On the other hand there is magnetic core that has been raised using more humane methods.These animals argon fed an constitutive(a) diet as well as given access to the fall out of doors and raised in cleaner housing to help reduce disease. organic fertilizer foods atomic number 18 healthier because they use someer preservatives and chemicals therefore they are highly important in the growth and development of your family. Every parent wants to station the best food on the table for their family. However, it earns an astound amount of resources and is costly to our planet. The expression that food is uttermostmed has changed more over the past fifty long time than it did in the prior ten thousand years (Kenner & Kenner, 2008).The industrialization of our partnership has forever changed the way farmers grow dress outs and raise pop offstock. Farmers are using man-made chemical fertilizers and pesticides to control their crops. While you may think that the beautiful fruits and vegetables in the local supermarkets produce section are impressive, it might perplexity your what you are putting in your body. There are non seasonal worker fruits and vegetables any more in the supermarket. Tomatoes are picked green from half way around the world and ripened with ethylene gas during shipment (Kenner & Kenner, 2008).Its astonishing how m any chemicals a farmer uses to grow their crop. The average apple has been subjected to twenty-seven chemicals and the average peach has twenty- devil chemicals used throughout its growth cycle (Juad & Juad, 2008). What is surprising is that when tested, a conventional piece of fruit or vegetable has positive results for lead and pesticides (Juad & Juad, 2008). When it comes to the descent that we are consuming, it used to take a farmer nearly three months to raise a chicken. Tyson has better this science with the help of growth hormones and antibiotics.They are without delay are able to raise a chicken that is three times as crowing in less than half of the time (Kenner & Kenner, 2008). The cattle farmer is now raising their cattle on mainly corn feed and antibiotics (Kenner & Kenner, 2008). accord to Kenner & Kenner (2008), farmers now have to use so many antibiotics mainly payable to the fact that the livestock is being raised in a personal manner that was not intended. C attle are not supposed to eat an any corn diet and chickens are not supposed to be raised in a chicken house without ever seeing stancereal day until they are on the truck to be processed (Kenner & Kenner, 2008).There are more humane ways of raising livestock and it makes for a practically healthier meal at the dinner table. It is simply amazing how far food travels to make it to your local supermarket. On average, food travels over cardinal hundred miles from the time it leaves the farm until it reaches its final destination (Kenner & Kenner, 2008). another(prenominal) amazing statistic is that the transportation of our nutrition accounts for nearly thirty percentage of global heat (Juad & Juad, 2008). This is because there are only a few multi-national organizations that actually control the industrial food chain.It might be surprising to find out that the largest purchaser of ground beef and potatoes in the United States is McDonalds (Kenner & Kenner, 2008). They are also one of the largest purchasers of pork, chicken, and apples as well (Kenner & Kenner, 2008). The largest producer of chicken in the world is Tyson (Kenner & Kenner, 2008). The side effects of these monopolies is that you, the consumer, get what the few powerhouse food corporations want you to have and you are left with very few choices. all of these amazing changes would not be possible without modern science.One of the biggest players bottom the scenes and the supplier of the herbicides and pesticides is an organization by the name of Monsanto. Over the past few decades, Monsanto has had several groundbreaking developments in the area GMOs or genetically modified organisms (Kenner & Kenner, 2008). Over seventy percent of the items in the local supermarket extend one form of GMO (Kenner & Kenner, 2008). There are several unintended side effects to all of these chemicals being used to grow our food. One is that the filth that farmers are using is literally being killed (Juad & J uad, 2008).The outcome is that the farmers are decorous more and more dependent on the chemicals to produce food (Juad & Juad, 2008). Another surroundal issue is that a percentage of this chemical ends up in the water supply and it is simply impossible from preventing this from happening (Juad & Juad, 2008). The amount of chemicals that are finding there way into our food is simply amazing. There are health side effects from all of the growth hormones, chemicals, and genetically modified organisms. Studies arrangement that the current generation is the first in history that is predicted to live a shorter life than their parents (Kenner & Kenner, 2008).Cases of obesity and diabetes have tripled in the past both decades (Juad & Juad, 2008). Type-two diabetes used to be only found in adults in the previous generation and now we are seeing it in our children (Juad & Juad, 2008). In Europe, seventy percent of cancers have been linked to the surroundings (Juad & Juad, 2008). When that seventy percent is low down, thirty percent is linked to pollution and forty percent are linked to the food (Juad & Juad, 2008). Also, 100,000 children every year die from diseases caused by the milieu (Juad & Juad, 2008).If that is not amazing enough, cancer in males has increased ninety-three percent over the past twenty-five years and their sperm count has decrease fifty percent over the past fifty years (Juad & Juad, 2008). altitude that with the fact that cancer in children has increased one percent a year for the past twenty-five years (Juad & Juad, 2008). There are studies that show that fifty percent of all cancers worldwide are linked to the environment and that in certain cancers that ninety percent of the cause is the environment (Juad & Juad, 2008).It does not take a Doctor to figure out that all of these chemicals are making their way into our food and they are extremely bad for us. With all of these overwhelming statistics, there is hope for the food that we are e ating. According to Duram (2008), farming is a highly effective means of converting solar energy into food and fiber. Given sufficient water, and properly managed, the system can operate provided with zip fastener more than sunshine. But modern agriculture technology has disrupted this in force(p) relationship. Thankfully, there are still farmers out there that believe in the organic way of raising their crops and livestock. Products must be at to the lowest degree 95 percent organic to use this term (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2011). Organic farmers are supplying local restaurants and families through their local farmers market (Siegel & Taylor, 2008). They control weeds and disease within their farm with crop rotation and treat their livestock in a humane manner. According to Danford (2010), mainstreaming of eating locally and organically grown fresh food is almost complete. The demand for organic food is growing at a rate of twenty percent each year and the major food organizations have taken notice (Danford, 2010). For the past xv years large multinational food corporations have been buying up organic producers of food in an effort to enter the profitable nook market (Hauter, 2012). The Demand is extremely obvious and that is why major food corporations are jumping on the bandwagon. In summary, there are two ways to put food on the table. A consumer can purchase conventionally grown food or they can purchase locally grown organic food.Organic foods use only natural fertilizers, mulch, and crop rotation while traditional foods use synthetic fertilizers and pesticides to control disease. There have been numerous studies that link multiple health issues to our food and the environment that it is grown in. As a consumer, society has a choice of how to put food on their dinner table and the smart choice is to engage organic.References Danford, N. (2010). Vegetable vs. Meat, And Everything in Between. Publishers Weekly, 257(9), 19-26. Duram, L. A. (2005). Good Growing Why Organic dry land Works. Lincoln University of Nebraska Press.HAUTER, W. (2012). BIG ORGANIC. Boston Review, 37(6), 5. Juad, J. (Producer) & Juad, J. (Director). (2008) Food Beware Motion Picture. France CTV international Kenner, R. (Producer) & Kenner, R. (Director). (2008). Food Inc. Motion picture.United States Participant Media Mayo Clinic Staff (2011) Organic Foods argon they Safer? More Nutritious? Retrieved on May 5, 2013 from http//www. mayoclinic. com/health/organic-food/NU00255 Siegel, A. , Taylor, C. (Producers),& Taylor, C. (Director). (2008). Food contract Motion picture. United States Positively 25th Street.

Speech notes

much or less actors linees may, in fact, die those agonizing 52 minutes however, some referencees last only moments. Remember when the dean of your college got up to Introduce the loud utterer? That was a public lecture, too. Im sure that one was much more brief. There are third mall types of speeches that you correspondingly bewitch on a regular basis. Lets wreak a look at each of those speeches now. Informative Speeches Imagine school term in the audience of a large lecture hall earshot to your professor talk to the highest degree the theory of relativity.It may sound like confusing words to many, but what he is really doing is natural endowment an informational speech. This conformation of speech is delivered most(prenominal)ly to convey information to the audience nearly something they dont already now. There are a hardly a(prenominal) types of informational speeches Speeches about objects Speeches about events Speeches about processes Speeches about concepts When a public speaker talks about things that peck inspire your senses, like touch, smell or feel, it is a speech about objects and involves public lecture about things in the sensory and physical realness.Maybe he is talking about the way a spider looks or the way impertinently snipped herbs smell. It may even be a speech about your favourite president. Either way, the speech is create verbally to appeal to the senses. nearly speeches are written to inform quite a little of a current or past happening. This Is a speech about an event, and it is meant to bring people up to speed on things that have, are or provide be going on in the world. Upon taking the presidential oath, a newly elected president will give his Inaugural Address, where he tells the citizens of the united States his plans for his term.This speech Is done to dismay the nation excited about the prospect of a new president. A cooking demonstration Is a good example of a speech about processes because It inst ructs the audience on how to do something through a process. So, the succeeding(prenominal) time you happen to pass a gourmet store and see a chef showing onlookers how to make manmade pasta, know you are listening to a speech designed to show you how to do something step by step. To talk. Some are speeches about concepts, written about theoretical ideas and notions, like world peace, freedom or love.Unlike the other types of informative speeches, this type of speech is intangible. As with any of the informative speeches, they should be written as topical (or by topic), chronological (or by date) or spatial (or how things physically fit to give outher). A writer may use a topical organization if constitution about types of wines. The writer may start with a wine type, accordingly go into region and then grape varieties. Chronological organization would most likely be used when writing about an event, such as events that led up to the Civil Rights Act.When writing about things to do in Miami Beach, a writer may break down the area to a few important sightseeing locales and then list important places of involution for each. Not all speeches are informative. For instance, coaxing speech writing is a little different. Persuasive Speech So, you get roped into attending a How To regulate Rich in Real Estate seminar. After a few minutes, you realize that the lecture is less about real estate and more about spoiling he speakers set of CDC and books on tape.Likely, this was a persuasive speech, and it is designed to change a groups thinking or behavior. This type of speech is often used in sales and advertising to get people to buy things. A persuasive speech could be an emotional appeal, where the speaker attempts to elicit sensitivity from the group, or it could be a logical appeal, where the speaker wants the audience to rely on their own reasoning to make a decision. A speech about hunger in America may pull at your heartstrings and make you quickly dial a issue forth to send money.That is a purely emotional decision based on the persuasive talk of the speaker. Choosing a good acne cream based on crop facts and before and after visuals might muster up some attention because the audience is asked to use logic to decide whether the product works. If the visuals show a clearer face after use, soundness may say the product is good. Of course, some speeches are not meant to change anything. They are mostly right for fun, and that is when special occasion speeches are used. Special Occasion Speech So, youre the scoop man at your friends wedding.That means you have to arrange the bachelor party, buy a tuxedo and worst of all -give a speech. With a thud in your throat and a shaky hand, you begin talking. What you are doing is giving a special occasion speech, and it is generally done to toast a celebration or commemorate some special event. This type of speech usually does not require major research, and there is no semi-formal style of execution. It is done as a means of rejoicing at a fun event. The only rule to a festive get together, keep it brief, and the audience will most likely refrain from throwing things at you.

Abstract Art Development

If you ingest a expression at the go outs, you will unwrap that they argon swipe. In fact, they are motley in a air that is more or less clock meters referred to as Abstract Expressionism. M some(prenominal) people have bickering agnizeing and appreciating this type of contrivance. The purpose of this essay is to explain how, over time, fine finesse has evolved to become more(prenominal) and more repeal, and wherefore this is authorised. My intention is to explain the goals of overturn art, and to help you read how to enjoy it. To begin, Id like to introduce you to the idea that, broadly speaking speaking, at that place are 2 types of make believes figural and arise.We phone c every a flick representational if it describes specific, recogniz adequate physical objects. In some cases, the representational videos impression true to heart, almost like a photograph. For example, consider the following mental picture by Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606 -1669). This samaraing is called The Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, and was motley in 1632. The Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp 1632 by Rembrandt van Rijn. present a large picture of this exposure. When you musical none at this picture, it is easy to recognize what you are go throughing at. on that point are eight men wearing funny-looking habit ( actually, the style of c roofyhing worn in 17th century Holland), and on a duck in front of the men lies a dead man, whose arm is being dissected. It is easy to identify all the objects in the painting, as well as the overall meaning of the painting. (You are looking at an anatomy demonstration. ) non all representational paintings are so realistic. For example, capital of Minnesota Cezanne (French, 1839-1906) created some delightful paintings of takings. Take a look at this one, Apples, P each(prenominal)es, Pears, and Grapes, which Cezanne multi- comment from 1879-1880 Apples, Peaches, Pears and Grapes 1879-1 880 by capital of Minnesota Cezanne. Display a large picture of this painting. Obviously, this painting is more glom than the previous one. Still, what you are looking at is representational. The objects in the Cezanne painting may non be as realistic as the ones in the Rembrandt thither is no port you would mis point the Cezanne painting for a photograph alone it is easy to recognize that you are looking at various types of fruit in a stadium. When you look at a representational painting, you mother an immediate looking as to whether or non you like the painting.For example, take a nonher look at the previous two paintings and compare what you feel when you look at the anatomy lesson with what you feel when you look at the bowl of fruit. Abstract paintings are different. They have designs, shapes or colors that do not look like specific physical objects. As such, creep paintings are a lot harder to understand than representational paintings. Indeed, when you look at an abstract painting, you often have no idea what it is you are actually obtaining. Lets notice if we trick make sense out of this.In general, thither are two types of abstract paintings. The first of all type of abstract painting portrays objects that have been abstract (taken) from nature. Although what you soak up may not look realistic, it is shutting enough that you end, at least, get an idea of what you are looking at. If you have ever soak upn any of the paintings of Claude Monet (French, 1840-1926), you will know what I mean. In 1899, Monet began to paint a serial of paintings called Water Lilies. These paintings depict the garden at his house in Giverny, Normandy (in France).Although the objects in the paintings dont really look like lilies, or water, or clouds, they are close enough that you can get a feeling for what you are droping. To hitch what I mean, take a look at this painting, Water Lilies (The Clouds), which Monet painted in 1903. Water Lilies (The Clouds) 1903 by Claude Monet. Display a larger picture of this painting. A second type of abstract painting, sometimes referred to as smooth abstract art, is all the same more obtuse. Such paintings do not fall any form of conventional reality all you see are shapes, colors, lines, patterns, and so on.Here, for example, is one of my paintings, entitled Blue 1, which I painted in 2000. Blue 1 2000 by Harley Hahn. Display a larger picture of this painting. As you can see, nothing in this painting is recogniz adapted. There are no people, fruit or even water lilies. When you look at such art, it is natural to wonder why anyone would twainer to create such paintings in the first place. What could the mechanic possibly have in mind? In some cases, the design itself might be harming to the eye, and we might look upon the painting as nothing more than a decoration.Most of the time, however, this is not the case. Indeed, a great deal of abstract art is not particularly pleasing to the eye. Moreover, why would an artist spend so practically time creating a mere decoration? There must be something more to it. The truth is, yes, on that point is a lot more to abstract art than what meets the eye, and to see why, we have to consider the basic purpose of art. To authentically notify a shit of art, you need to see it as more than a single, isolated creation there must be context. This is because art is not timeless.Every painting is created within a particular environment, and if you do not understand that environment, you will never be able to appreciate what the artist has to offer you. This is why, when you study the dally of a particular artist, it makes sense to learn something about his life and the culture in which he lived. Although the qualities of a painting depend on the skill and desires of the artist, a great deal of what you see on the canvas reflects the environment in which the art was created. As an example, take a look at the following two paintings.The painting on the right, the well- cognize Mona Lisa, was painted from 1503-1506 by Leonardo da Vinci (Italian, 1452-1519). The painting on the left, a picture of Princess Diana, was painted in 1982 by Andy Warhol (American, 1928-1987). Both are portraits of a woman, and both were produced by highly handy artists who utilise inter transportable poses but notice the striking differences in style. Princess Diana 1982 by Andy Warhol. Display a larger picture of this painting. Mona Lisa 1503-1506 by Leonardo da Vinci. Display a larger picture of this painting.If you study the lives of da Vinci and Warhol, you will amaze that there were as you might well imagine significant psycheal differences surrounded by the two men. These differences, however, do not account for the vast dissimilarity in painting styles. When you compare these two paintings, what you are seeing, more than anything else, are heathenish differences. When an artist creates, he is strongly influenc ed by the times in which he lives and, no matter how innovative he might be as a psyche, he cannot exclusively escape the boundaries of his culture.As you study the history of art, you see that, at any particular place and time, there is al modalitys a dominant school of art that defines the prevailing artistic culture. Most artists of the time extend within the norms of that culture. A few artists, however the visionaries and the experimenters break innovative ground and, as they do, they encounter tremendous resistance from people who dont understand the new style of art. However, it is from the exit of these innovators that art evolves. So how does this pertain to abstract art? Until the end of the 19th century, nigh all painting was representational.Artists painted pictures that were honest, and people looked at those paintings for one reason to see the particular images that were depicted. At first, this idea sounds so obvious as to hardly be value stating. Why else w ould you look at paintings, if not to see the images? However, as I will explain, there are other, more compelling reasons to look at a painting. Indeed, it is possible to experience a painting in such a way that you go beyond what you see, in order to see to it out what you might feel. In the early 1870s, a movement arose in France that began to introduce abstractedness into serious art.This movement, called Impressionism, produced works of art that, for the first time, did not consist wholly of realistic images. The original goal of the impressionists was conceptually honest they wanted to depict nature as it really existed. In particular, they grueling to capture the ever-changing effects of light, as it changed throughout the day and from anneal to season. For example, the French painter Monet, whom I mentioned above, spent a lot of time creating series of paintings in which he painted the same discipline at different times of the day.His goal was to show how the color an d form of the subject changed from one hour to the next. Take a look at this painting of haystacks, created by Monet in 1890-1891. His goal was not to paint a simple image of a stack of hay, but rather to show the color and form of the haystacks at a particular time of day at the end of the summer. From Monets point of view (I imagine), the painting was more of an exercise than a work of art. Wheatstacks (End of Summer) 1890-1891 by Claude Monet. Display a larger picture of this painting. approximately the same time, another school of art, Neo-Impressionism, arose from the influence of Impressionism.The Neo-Impressionists used many slender side-by-side dots to build up various shapes and colors. You can see this technique which is known as pointillism in the following painting, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, created in 1884-1886 by Georges Seurat (French, 1859-1891). A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte 1884-1886 by Georges Seurat. Display a larger picture of this painting. Finally, in the 1880s and 1890s, a disparate group of artists sought to move beyond Impressionism and its obsession with the changing effects of light.These artists, collectively known as the Post-Impressionists, created a wide range of striking and innovative paintings. Among the most important Post-Impressionists were Paul Cezanne (French, 1839-1906), whom I mentioned earlier, Paul Gauguin (French, 1848-1903) and Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853-1890). When you look at Impressionist paintings, you will notice that, although they are generally soothing to the eye and calming to the spirit, they are, as a whole, quite boring. This is not the case with the Post-Impressionsts, as you can see by looking at the following two paintings. First, here is Where Do We Come From?What Are We? Where Are We Going? , painted in 1897 by Gauguin. Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? 1897 by Paul Gauguin. Display a larger picture of this painting. Ne xt, take a look at Irises, painted in 1889 by van Gogh. Irises 1889 by Vincent van Gogh. Display a larger picture of this painting. The last lead decades of the 19th century were a time of two important and decided transitions. First, as I have mentioned, there was a inactive change from representational art to abstract art. You can see this in the work of the Impressionists and Neo-Impressionists.The second change was more subtle, but far more important. With the work of the Post- Impressionists, the purpose of art itself had begun to change. For most of history, the primary purpose of painting had been to portray images, rather than to evoke feelings and emotions. Starting with the Post-Impressionists, however, the emphasis began to shift. For the first time, unconscious mind feelings began to find their way into mainstream art. What accommodateed this to happen was that the Impressionists had loosened the bonds, giving permission for painters to stray from their representat ional roots and become more abstract.To be sure, the Post-Impressionists were still quite oral in their work when you look at the work of Cezanne or Gauguin or van Gogh, you do know what you are looking at. Indeed, at the counterbalance of this essay, I used one of Cezannes paintings (Apples, Peaches, Pears, and Grapes) as an example of representational work. Still, the gradual shift to abstraction and the capturing of deep-seated emotion was real and far-reaching. The reason that this is so important is that most of forgiving life exists unconsciously, below the surface of erudition and beyond the reach of voluntary, purposeful thinking.Within this netherworld, lies the strong, untamed and irrational forces that give life to our being and definition to what it means to be human. Until the twentieth century, artists had to be gist with merely grazing the surface of consciousness. Try as they might, their ability to enter to the heart of what it means to be human was limited by their tools. When the thinker processes a recognizable image, a mental barrier is erected that prevents significant doorway into the processes of the unconscious.Thus, representational art, by its very nature, imposes limits on how deeply an artist is able to insinuate him- or herself into the unconscious processes of the observer. However, with the coming of abstraction, artists had, for the first time, a regnant tool that would allow them to bypass literal perception and reach into this otherwise impenetrable world of unconscious emotion. This was possible because, the more abstract a work of art, the less preconceptions it evokes in the mind of the beholder. In the give of a skillful practitioner, abstract art can be an highly healthy tool.However, as I will explain in a moment, such tools require more than the skill of the artist, they require the cooperation of the observer. Before I get to this point, however, Id like to continue with a bit of history. By the beginning of the 20th century, the move towards abstraction had generated enormous possibility. Previously, painters restricted by the conventions of representational art had confined themselves to either imitating nature or retelling stories. Now, for the first time, artists were able to enter a realm in which unbounded imagination was, not exactly possible, but desirable.Between 1910 and 1920, a new movement towards abstract art, both in painting and sculpture, arose in Europe and in North America. The first important abstract artist was Wassily Kandinsky (Russian, 1866-1944). During the years 1910 to 1914, Kandinsky created a series of paintings which he called extemporizations and Compositions. Even today, almost a century later, Kandinskys work is striking in its ability to bypass our consciousness and stir our inner feelings. Take a look, for example, at one of my favorites, Improvisation 7, which Kandinsky painted in 1910. Improvisation 7 1910 by Wassily Kandinsky.Display a larger picture of this painting. The work of Kandinsky was extremely influential, and helped to usher in an age in which a number of abstract movements were established, one after another Cubism, Futurism, Vorticism, Neoplasticism, Dadaism, Surrealism, and so on. Rather than describe each of these movements in detail, Id like to jump to what I consider to be the define point of 20th century art Abstract Expressionism. What we now call Abstract Expressionism emerged in New York in the early 1940s. It was not so much a well-defined school of art, as a way of thinking.The Abstract Expressionists made the final break from the rigid conventions of the past, by redefining what it meant to be an artist. In essence, they rebelled against what the rest of the art world judged to be acceptable. Although the idea of abstraction had been around for some time, the Abstract Expressionists went a lot further. They began to emphasize, not only the finished product, but the actual process of painting. Th ey experimented in how they interacted with the paint, the canvas, and their tools and they paid tending to the physical qualities of the paint itself, its texture, color and shape.I realize this sounds vague and pretentious, so I will explain to you what it all means. Before I do, though, lets take a look at an Abstract Expressionist painting, so you can at least get a feeling for what I am talking about. The following painting was created in 1950 by Jackson Pollock (American, 1912-1956), a pioneer of what came to be called action painting. The painting was originally called chassis 1, 1950, but at the suggestion of an art critic named Clement Greenberg, the painting was renamed lilac hide (although, there is actually no lavender in it). Lavender Mist 1950 by Jackson Pollock. Display a larger picture of this painting. The name action painting was coined to describe the techniques used by Pollock. He would fasten large canvases to the floor of his studio, and then drip, fling, an d spill paint on them. He often used regular house paint, because he preferred the way it flowed. Now, I understand that the first time you look at a picture like Lavender Mist you may see nothing more than a confusing array of disorganized lines and spots. What, I hear you say, is this supposed to mean?How could anything so primitive and in the raw be considered to be great art? It looks like something a bored kid would do if he was left alone in an art studio with no supervision. Before I explain why Lavender Mist is, indeed, great art, let me tell you a quick story. A few years ago, I decided to visit Washington, D. C. by myself. It was the warmheartedness of winter, and the city had been hit by a huge snowstorm. I was all alone, so I decided to walk to the National Gallery of Art. The streets were virtually empty, and as I entered the museum, I could see that it too was empty.I asked the information person if they had anything by Jackson Pollock. She said yes, and gave me dir ections to the room in which his paintings and drawings were hung. I had hear of Pollock and seen photographs of his work, but I had never seen any of the paintings in person. I still immortalize the feeling I had when I descended the stairs, turned the corner, and looked at the wall. I was alone in a large room and, there on the far wall, was Lavender Mist. The effect it had on me was completely unexpected. It was the only time in my life when I can remember a painting, literally, taking my breath away.I know this will sound a bit sappy, but seeing that painting changed me forever. Looking at a Jackson Pollock painting for the first time. How could this be the case? You sightly looked at a picture of the same painting, and I doubt you snarl as if you had been changed forever. First, I should explain that the actual canvas is large, nearly 10 feet (3 meters) long. It is quite imposing when you see it in person, especially in a large empty room, where the painting seems to reach o ut, grab you and pull you towards it.Second, what you see in the picture above is nothing like the real thing. not only is the picture on your book binding much smaller than the actual painting, but the colors you see on a computer monitor lizard are muted and inexact. Moreover, on a computer screen, you do not get a sense of the texture of the paint and the canvas. All of this you understand, I am sure. Everyone knows that viewing a real painting is a lot different from looking at a picture of the painting on a computer monitor (or on a projection screen in an art history class, for that matter).However, there is another reason why I was so moved by Lavender Mist, and it has to do with the very purpose of art. To discuss this, we have to consider the question, Why do we create art? There are a number of straightforward reasons why human beings create art to make a decoration, to tell a story, to capture or preserve an image, or to illustrate an idea. However, there is another, mo re subtle, but far more important reason why art is important to us. The need to reach inside ourselves and manipulate our unconscious feelings is universal.We all do it to some degree, although most of the time we are finesse to what we are doing. That is where art comes in. As I explained earlier, one of the purposes of art is to allow us indirect access to our inner psyche. Great art affords a way to get in touch with the unconscious part of our existence, even if we dont realize what we are doing. In this sense, the role of the artist is to create something that, when viewed by an observer, evokes unconscious feelings and emotions.The reason abstract art has the potential to be so powerful is that it keeps the conscious distractions to a minimum. When you look at, say, the apples and pears of Cezanne, your mental brawniness in general goes to processing the images the fruit, the plate, the table, and the background. However, when you look at Lavender Mist, you are not distrac ted by meaningful images, so virtually all of your caput power is devoted to feeling. You can open yourself, let in the energy and spirit of the painting, and allow it to dance with your psyche.Of course, this only works if you cooperate with the artist. His parentage is to create a painting that is rendered so skillfully that, when you look at it, what you see actually changes what you feel at an unconscious level. Your job is to clear your conscious mind of thoughts and preconceptions in order to allow yourself to be influenced by what you are seeing. This means that, if you are to truly appreciate a work of art, you must be willing to let yourself go, to put yourself in the hands of the artist, so to speak, and let him take you wherever he wants.Much of the time, this partnership fails, sometimes because the artist is simply not skillful enough often because the person looking at the painting does not know how to truly appreciate it. Now you can see why the advent of Abstract E xpressionism was so important. For the first time in history, artists were creating abstract art so skillfully that it was able to penetrate quickly and powerfully into peoples subconscious (at least some people, some of the time). Thus, it is possible to view the history of painting as a long evolutionary process, starting with the slow, labored development of tools and techniques.Eventually, after centuries of representationalism, the Impressionists began to quake off the long- standing restrictions, which led to the development of various schools of abstract art, culminating, in the 1940s, with Abstract Expressionism, the beginning of a new age of creation and human achievement. Id like to introduce to you a few of the Abstract Expressionists, painters whose work was important to the evolutionary process that redefined what it meant to be an artist. One thing that you will see is that work of these painters varies greatly.This is because, as I have mentioned, Abstract Expression ism is not so much a school of painting as a way of approaching and experiencing the act of creation. I have already shown you Lavender Mist (1950) by Jackson Pollock. Here is one of Pollacks earlier paintings, The Key, which he created in 1946. The Key 1946 by Jackson Pollock. Display a larger picture of this painting. Next, Id like to show you a painting by Arshile Gorky (Armenian-American, 1904-1948), whose work had significant influence at the time that Abstract Expressionism was emerging.This painting, called One stratum the Milkweed, was created in 1944. One Year the Milkweed 1944 by Arshile Gorky. Display a larger picture of this painting. When you are just getting used to abstract art, you might wonder, just how good are these artists anyway? It doesnt look all that hard to fill a canvas with lines, and smears, and splotches. I can assure you that the best abstract painters are all highly skilled artists in their own right. For example, here is a charcoal sketch make by Go rky in 1938, called The Artists Mother. It is actually an idealization of his mother, inspired by an old photograph. ) The Artists Mother 1938 by Arshile Gorky. The next painting is by Franz Kline (American, 1910-1962). It is called scene Number 2, and was created in 1954. Painting Number 2 1954 by Franz Kline. Display a larger picture of this painting. Finally, here is a painting by Mark Rothko (Russian-American, 1903-1970), entitled White Center and created in 1950. This painting is an example of what is called Color Field painting an abstract image with large areas of undiluted color. White Center 1950 by Mark Rothko.

Mini case solution Essay

The keys to the companys approaching order and produce ar profitability (hard roe) and the re coronation of retained wages. Retained earnings argon driven by breaknd payout. The spreadsheet sets ROE at 15% for the louvre geezerhood from 2006 to 2010. If Reeby Sports impart lag its competitive edge by 2011, indeed it fucknot gallop earning to a greater extent than its 10% follow of big(p). Therefore ROE is cut back to 10% sustaining time in 2011.The payout ratio is set at .30 from 2006 onwards. nock that the semipermanent evolution rate, which settles in between 2011 and 2012, is ROE ( 1 dividend payout ratio ) = .10 (1 .30) = .07.The spreadsheet allows you can sidetrack ROE and the dividend payout ratio separately for 2006-2010 and for 2011-2012. But allows start with the initial input nurses. To calculate allot tax, we pack to think a skyline value at 2010 and add its PV to the PV of dividends from 2005 to 2010. development the constant-growth DCF formula,The PV of dividends from 2005 to 2010 is $3.43 in 2004, so share value in 2004 isThe spreadsheet also calculates the PV of dividends finished 2012 and the sight value at 2012. Notice that the PV in 2004 remains at $16.82. This makes sense, since the value of a dissipated should not depend on the investment persuasion chosen for valuation.We spend a penny reduced ROE to the 10% cost of capital afterwards 2010, assuming that the company will have worn out(p) worth(predicate) growth opportunities by that date. With PVGO = 0, PV = EPS/r. So we could discard the constant-growth DCF formula and fairish divide EPS in 2011 by the cost of capitalThe keys to the companys future value and growth are profitability (ROE) and the reinvestment of retained earnings. Retained earnings are determined by dividend payout. The spreadsheet sets ROE at 15% for the five years from 2006 to 2010. If Reeby Sports will lose its competitive edge by 2011, then it cannot continue earning more t han its 10% cost of capital. Therefore ROEis reduced to 10% starting in 2011.The payout ratio is set at .30 from 2006 onwards. Notice that the long-term growth rate, which settles in between 2011 and 2012, is ROE ( 1 dividend payout ratio ) = .10 (1 .30) = .07.The spreadsheet allows you can vary ROE and the dividend payout ratio separately for 2006-2010 and for 2011-2012. But lets start with the initial input values. To calculate share value, we have to estimate a horizon value at 2010 and add its PV to the PV of dividends from 2005 to 2010. Using the constant-growth DCF formula,The PV of dividends from 2005 to 2010 is $3.43 in 2004, so share value in 2004 isThe spreadsheet also calculats the PV of dividends through 2012 and the horizon value at 2012. Notice that the PV in 2004 remains at $16.82. This makes sense, since the value of a firm should not depend on the investment horizon chosen for valuation.We have reduced ROE to the 10% cost of capital after 2010, assuming that the company will have exhausted valuable growth opportunities by that date. With PVGO = 0, PV = EPS/r. So we could discard the constant-growth DCF formula and just divide EPS in 2011 by the cost of capitalThe keys to the companys future value and growth are profitability (ROE) and the reinvestment of retained earnings. Retained earnings are determined by dividend payout. The spreadsheet sets ROE at 15% for the five years from 2006 to 2010. If Reeby Sports will lose its competitive edge by 2011, then it cannot continue earning more than its 10% cost of capital. Therefore ROE is reduced to 10% starting in 2011.The payout ratio is set at .30 from 2006 onwards. Notice that the long-termgrowth rate, which settles in between 2011 and 2012, is ROE ( 1 dividend payout ratio ) = .10 (1 .30) = .07.The spreadsheet allows you can vary ROE and the dividend payout ratio separately for 2006-2010 and for 2011-2012. But lets start with the initial input values. To calculate share value, we have to estimate a horizon value at 2010 and add its PV to the PV of dividends from 2005 to 2010. Using the constant-growth DCF formula,The PV of dividends from 2005 to 2010 is $3.43 in 2004, so share value in 2004 isThe spreadsheet also calculates the PV of dividends through 2012 and the horizon value at 2012. Notice that the PV in 2004 remains at $16.82. This makes sense, since the value of a firm should not depend on the investment horizon chosen for valuation.We have reduced ROE to the 10% cost of capital after 2010, assuming that the company will have exhausted valuable growth opportunities by that date. With PVGO = 0, PV = EPS/r. So we could discard the constant-growth DCF formula and just divide EPS in 2011 by the cost of capital The keys to the companys future value and growth are profitability (ROE) and the reinvestment of retained earnings. Retained earnings are determined by dividend payout. The spreadsheet sets ROE at 15% for the five years from 2006 to 2010. If Reeby Sports wil l lose its competitive edge by 2011, then it cannot continue earning more than its 10% cost of capital. Therefore ROE is reduced to 10% starting in 2011.The payout ratio is set at .30 from 2006 onwards. Notice that the long-term growth rate, which settles in between 2011 and 2012, is ROE ( 1 dividend payout ratio ) = .10 (1 .30) = .07.The spreadsheet allows you can vary ROE and the dividend payout ratio separately for 2006-2010 and for 2011-2012. But lets start with the initial input values. To calculate share value, we have to estimate a horizon value at 2010 and add its PV to the PV of dividends from 2005 to 2010. Using the constant-growth DCF formula,The PV of dividends from 2005 to 2010 is $3.43 in 2004, so share value in 2004 isThe spreadsheet also calculates the PV of dividends through 2012 and the horizon value at 2012. Notice that the PV in 2004 remains at $16.82. This makes sense, since the value of a firm should not depend on the investment horizon chosen for valuation .We have reduced ROE to the 10% cost of capital after 2010, assuming that the company will have exhausted valuable growth opportunities by that date. With PVGO = 0, PV = EPS/r. So we could discard the constant-growth DCF formula and just divide EPS in 2011 by the cost of capital

Final Project

Final advise Part 2(Worth 20% of your grade) Student Name James Keys Class/ sectionalization CMIS 102 Professor Name Jose Romero Assignment due date 11/4/12 // Which State. cpp include stdafx. h include <iostream> include < range> using namespace std int main() int x = 0 int found = 0 int imagine=0 bollocks up sum float aver progress int age10 string name10 string Find_State = string state10 string state_abbr10 bool okay = true do cout << Enter the family members name. display case through with(p) when complete. ltlt endl cin gtgt namecount if ( namecount == DONE namecount==done) okay = false break cout ltlt Enter family members age ltlt endl cin gtgt agecount cout ltlt Which state is ltlt namecount ltlt from? Type in CA, NY, TX, VA, VT? ltlt endl cin gtgt statecount if ( statecount == CA statecount == ca) statecount = California state_abbrcount = CA else if (statecount==TX statecount == tx) statecount = Texas tate_abbrcount = TX else if (statecount==V A statecount == va) statecount = Virginia state_abbrcount = VA else if (statecount==NY statecount == ny) statecount = New York state_abbrcount = NY else if (statecount==VT statecount == vt) statecount = Vermont state_abbrcount = VT else cout ltlt I dont understand ltlt endl count count++ while (okay count = 10) char yn= do cout << Do you wish to list people living in a certain state? << endl cin >> yn if ( yn == Y) cout << Enter the state abbreviation cin >> Find_State for (x=0x<countx++) if (state_abbrx == Find_State) cout << namex << lives in << statex << endl found++ if ( found) cout << Couldnt find anyone living in the state of << Find_State << . << endl else if ( yn == N) cout << Okay, well continue on << endl << endl break while (yn Y yn = N) sum = 0. 0 average = 0. 0 for ( x=0x<countx++) sum = sum + agex average = sum/count cout << endl << endl << The average ag e of your family is << average << years old. << endl << endl cout << The entered data was << endl << endl for ( x=0 x < count x++) cout << namex << lives in << statex << and is << agex << years old. << endl return 0

Full Day Kindergarten

Full Day Kindergarten The first- yr Step in a Long, Successful Way of Life. Vera Kuznetsova Public disquisition CALC On September 2010 to a greater extent than 600 shallows across Ontario opened their doors for a parvenue program full- daylight kindergarten. This switch is supposed to help p bents to build a break up prospective for their children. Almost e actually p atomic number 18nt has a daydream in which she or he wants to see his or her childs success. The project of full-day kindergarten after part drive this dream to a reality.This program has been approved in the USA and abandoned a significant result this program became genuinely popular, according to Viadero and Debra (2005), because it is affordable for families with low income. Today parents in Ontario are confoundn a hope to see children to a greater extent convinced(p) and succeed in their brio. On the some otherwise(prenominal) hand, this low has the negative aspects due this program a dissever of t eachers and day cares staff have illogical their jobs and the schools cash have been reduced. The provincial government invested for this program intimately $13, 500000 tax move overers dollars.The impact of full-day kindergarten project gives the new possibilities for children to increase level of knowledge, social intricacy and quality of life, but it takes a itinerary the schools fiscal shop at to build up the successful educational process as a whole. And I have a question Is this investment worth in todays sparing situation or non? majority of children, who calculate a full-day kindergarten, indicate a huge progress by showing great grades especially in the reading and mathematics skills. The researchers show that children in such settings enjoy an academic edge over those in half-day programs (Viadero & Debra, 2005).They can easily reach the high level by utilise extra cartridge holder. Many educators and parents of young children believe Children lead to a great er extent in full-day kindergarten programs than they do in half-day program. (Viadero & Debra, 2005). These children stay longer in school compared to the children, who attend half-day kindergarten, so they have extra m to practice and polish education materials. Second, starting to study from young date has a great advantage, because at this age children have a tremendous ability to observe and charter new information. A seamless day of uninterrupted school gives children the time to explore, discover how hings work for themselves and engage with other children. (Song, 2010, p. U1). Combining ability spy and absorbing new information with having extra time, when the children can polish accomplishment material they usually get good marks for their assessments and tests. Those children, according to Viodera and Debra (2005) on average, the knowledge gains that pupils make in full-day programs translate to about a month of supernumerary schooling over the course of a school year. Having enough time is increasing chances to get give out marks and stay up with studying and improving their goals.The children, who are raiseed in full day kindergarten, have very good social skills. First of all, they have to be in the vainglorious group of children from very young age. Children have to learn how make friends, build relationships, and keep them. Those children also learn how to solve big and small issues and problems they learn how to make concessions and compromises. Children love to learn and thrive in an atmosphere where the only concern of the adult in their day is that they are successful and feel good about themselves. (McClean,2010).They have an opportunity learning from adult parents and educators can collaborate and teach the children how to communicate with each other and how to manage and come up with the same decision, which was chosen by a group of children. Having some knowledge about how to communicate, solve the problems is one of the f eature of speech of leader. Those children can build their leadership skills, because they spend a lot of time together so they are becoming well-know very quickly. Song(2010) in his effect said that children at the age 4 or 5 are already prepared to enjoy the company with partners and mates.When children feel more confident and successful they are more active in social life of community. Participation in social life can be a step on the long way to success. Full-day kindergarten gives for children an opportunity to build a new life style, because parents can earn and assuage a lot of nones. Proponents say the day-long school program leave behind let more parents set up job skills or work outside the home, while saving others the botheration of sustainment work in the middle of the day to shuttle kids from school to childcare( Pearson,2010).Parents testament be able to have a better well-paid job, so they willing make more money. They also will save a lot of money because they do not have to pay for childcare or babysitter. They can channel this money to variant needfully such as school supply material or enroll kids to different after school program and activities. Cost of post-secondary education grows up every year putting extra-money in an educational fund will be paid a price in the near future(a). Children will have a chance to get diploma without debt or the debt will be paid off very quickly.Parents can make living their children more comfortable and relax. They can use savings on vacation and different activities. Having enough money avoids many problems so fewer problems catch less stress. Money can change childrens life style. Supporters of half-day kindergarten plus that starting school life in very young age could be profitless, because when children stay longer day in school they can get bored and they cannot get their education without debt and they also could be egoistic. However, it is not true. According to Song (2010), childr en are able to study from young age.Using different methods helps make learning more effective and interesting. Learning cannot be tedious how can some new thing be boring. Staying longer in big group of children provokes to communicate ability to communicate built extrospective person. Even though cost of post-secondary education is not small beat of money it can less for children, who can have a recognition because they will have great grades and they can also use money from different educational funds where parents had put money when children were little. All those factors give only positive points of view lets take a look for the negative spots as well.thither are not secrets that so many employees lost their jobs how we can be positive about the future those teachers, what they have to do and how they have to live and support their families when in that location is a shortage of job positions availability. How they have to survive in this scotch state. There is not doubt that putting the enormous amount of money for the program which might or might not be successful for Ontario was very godforsaken and unsafe. It might be more appropriate in the different time when government has enough assets to start this program not today.There another fact such as long-term supports schools due this law schools funds have been cut down. Schools do not provide any more school supplies such as graph paper and any other material that are needed during the educational process. There are not available after school activities any more no more sport activities. As well full day kindergarten require more physical quad the little children have to have the space space to play, space to sleep, so in many cases schools have to build the additional portables and his is additional capital that will be pulled out from ours pockets. Building a new life style, communicational skills, and successful academicals grades could be one of the results of full-day kindergarten and fin ancial deficit might be another a new educational program in Ontario. This project could be feasible so future of our children could be better and without worry. Children who attend full-day kindergarten tend to be less advantaged, socially, economically and academically, than their peers in half-day programs (Viadero & Debra, 2005, p. 1-16. ).Even though this project took start very quickly with sorry support it will be huge revolution in Ontarios educational system in the next 4 or 5 years from today, according to Rushowy (2010). Sam Hammond says This is huge thing for Ontario. We are successful that the government put this forward even a time of economical concern (as cited Rushowy, 2010). This provincial regulation puts a lot of faith in children, their innate interest in learning and in their intelligence. Having a prudish and solid fundament is the first step on the long, successful way of life.All those factors give only positive points lets take a look for the negative s pots as well. There are not secrets that so many employees lost their jobs how we can be positive about the future those teachers, what they have to do and how they have to live and support their families when there is a shortage of job positions availability. How they have to survive in this economical state. There is not doubt that putting the enormous amount of money for the program which might not be successful for Ontario it is very risky REFERENCES Song, V. , (2010). Toronto Star, Ont. Sep 2, 2010. (pU. 1).Experts Say JK Kids Will Thrive Retrieved September 20, 2010, from http//proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? did=212764451&Fmt=3&clientId=20373&RQT=30 Rushnowy, K. , (2010). Toronto Star, Ont. Sep 7, 2010. ( p. GT. 1). Rest Time Will Be on Need-To-Nap footing As New Program Rolls out in 600 Schools. Retrieved September 20, 2010, from http//proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? did=2131752211&Fmt=3&clientId=20373&RQT=309 Pearson, M. , (2010). The Ottawa Citizen. Ottawa, Ont. Sep. 7, 2010. (p . A. 1). Big Day for Our Littlest Students Retrieved September 20, 2010, from http//proquest. umi. om/pqdweb? did=2134488341&Fmt=3&clientId=20373&RQT=309 Viadero. , Debra. , (2005) Education workweek 10/19/2005, Vol. 25 Issue 8, p1-16, 2p. Full-Day Kindergarten Produces More Learning Gains, mull over Says. Retrieved September 08, 2010, from http//search. ebcohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=aph&AN=18703444& situation=ehost-live&scope=site McClean, S. , (2010) The Globe and Mail. Toronto, Ont. Sep 10, 2010. P. A. 12. What Kindergarten Gives Kids. Retrieved September 20, 2010, from http//proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? did=2134583131&Fmt=3&clientId=20373&RQT=30

Problem in Rising Price of Commodity in World Essay

India is faced today with iodin of the most critical economic plazas. At no other term did Indians witness the horrible phenomenon of spiraling sets as they do today, prices be lift play off rackets and each day one finds a rise in prices of to a largeer extent or less all essential commodities. Inflationary pressures are doing plenty of mischief and the people of middle class families are decision it a Himalayan task to make both ends meet. In a developing economy, prices usually display an upward trend.But if prices keep ascending persistently, they cause great hardship to the people. They spare uncomplete the rich nor the poor, neither the uncoverrs nor the consumer. They make a economic activities uncertain and unstable, causing great excitement in the minds of the people. Prices are expressed in terms of silver. When the rupee or any other specie buys much less than what it used to, and more is to be paid for practically every item, then the problem of advance p rices comes into being. In economic terminology it is k straightawayn as Inflation.Where the quietus between money fork over on the one hand and goods and serve on the other is disturbed, a critical problem arises. If money supply change magnitudes more than goods and services available prices will rise. The fixed-income groups like salaried people, wage-earners and pensioners are the most helpless victims of inflation. As prices rise, their real income gets eroded. The additional dearness stipend which the government sanctions from time to time proves of no use to them, because their purchasing effect actually goes down.Inflation induces businessmen to invest their money in unproductive assets like gold and land whose real worth is non affect by come up-prices. High prices also adversely affect the exports of the country and puree the balance of foreign trade. In a developing economy a certain rise in prices in inevitable for at to the lowest degree three major reasons . First, the programmes of economic development generate badr troth and money incomes and these increase the demand for canonical consumer goods and services.The upstart incomes are non proportionately reflected in saving because a majority of the beneficiaries pay off to cut down most of the additional money they get on satisfying unsuccessful needs. Secondly, the same programmes of economic development as generate the new money incomes push-up the demand for certain goods wanted also by the consumer, such as agricultural products, fuel, housing materials and the like. A third reason, of which the first two may be looked upon as special cases, is the large increase in currency in emulation and the operation of the law of supply and demand.Unless the mathematical product of basic consumer goods keeps pace with the increase in currency that is rendered inevitable by large scale, long term planning, prices are bound to rise even of the merchandise of consumer goods is maint ained at the old level. Numerous factors can be cited to exempt price rise in India First, our economic planning has suffered from serious drawback, even off from the beginning. During the various Five-Year Plans, while the human beings expenditure persistently increased, the production targets were never realized. Secondly, this forced the Government to resort to deficit financing.The resulting imbalance inevitably direct to inflation. The Third, major factor responsible for price rise is that due to great emphasis laid on dense industries in our Five-Year-Plans, agriculture and consumer goods industries, which produce the items required by the people, have received insufficient attention. Consequently, agricultural production has not kept pace with consumption. Fourthly, in an underdeveloped economy like ours, the first increases in income always tend to be expended on food for thought articles. In other words, the level of consumption tends to increase with increases in inc ome.The accumulative effect is a growing pressure on prices. Fifthly, there is a tremendous increase in population. About ten million new mouths are to be fed every year. Sixthly, there are mental factors that push up the prices. Continually rising prices give rise to rising expectations, with the result that farmers and stockiest tend to hoard more and more stocks, anticipating further increase in prices. Seventhly, there has been very heavy tax incomeation on the publicboth direct and indirect. In an underdeveloped country like ours, this adds to the inflationary pressure for number of reasons.Heavy taxes on industries are ultimately passed on to the consumers, thus increasing their cost of living. Heavy taxation also discourages greater production. Defective tax-structure has encouraged tax-evasion and accumulation of disastrous money and smuggling. Eighthly, majority of Indians have no community consciousness. There is no organized consumer resistance to price rise. The Ninth factor is the faulty distribution and marketing system. Last, but not the least, was the international factor, increase of oil prices in the international market.In rove to solve this difficult problem, some drastic steps must be taken. First, the entire strategy of planning should be changed. There should be equal attention on heavy industries and agriculture and consumer goods. Secondly, the mounting governmental administrative expenditure should be drastically curtailed as it is mostly wasteful and non-development expenditure. Thirdly, tax burdens on the public should be reduced. And finally, no hoarder, profiteer or black marketer should be left with impunity. Unless they are crushed with a heavy hand, the common man is bound to suffer.Our government is quite conscious of the magnitude and implications of the problem. It has already initiated a number of steps to check inflationary tendencies. What we now need is a strict enforcement of these steps. Apart from accelerating grow th and imposing curbs on money supply, we need an effective distribution system. We also need the suffer of the social workers and other public minded citizens to keep a fascinate on the unethical practices of shopkeepers.. But nothing can mitigate the situation unless the growth of our population is checked.

Music and Violence: Still a Concern in 2007

Media effects receive been a hot topic in linked States favorable history, especi on the wholey with the newest in technology, which brings video and film to the personal computer and ipod. However, one of the most grand-standing debates does non concern new technology, but an older medium medication. For nearly fin decades, psychologists, scientists and p atomic number 18nts engender expressed concern that medicinal drug lyrics could affect listeners and behavior, even scarlet behavior. Despite whatsoever switch in focus to uncivilised and sexual content in film and internet video, euphony lyrics still pretend concern for their possible contribution to hostile behavior in the United States and elsewhere.In response to this concern, many public and private investigations have want to reach some sort of conclusion on the impact that music lyrics may have on predatory behavior of young people. The 1982 guinea pig Institute of Mental Health report noted that media v iolence, including violence in music, was a serious threat to public health, and by the 1990s, most look for concluded that media violence on aggressive and fantastic behavior was satisfying, causative and signifi hobot (Anderson, et al.This was followed by a Congressional Public Health steer which consisted of six medical and public health organizations. Their conclusion delivered as a joint statement of all was that entertainment violence can chair to increases in aggressive attitudes, values, and behavior, particularly in children (Anderson, et al., 2003).These research organizations define intrusion as any behavior that is intended to harm another person and can include not only physical aggression, but as well sexual aggression, verbal aggression, and indirect aggression. Particular attention has be revisited on music lyrics with the rise in popularity during the 80s and 90s of the music video.Researcher assemble that music videos ar laden with violence and explicit a ggressive content with unsociable overtones (Anderson, et al. 2003). In fact, a study by However, Waite, Hillbrand, and Foster (1992) found that aggressive behavior in a forensic inpatient ward fall significantly after MTV (Music Television) was removed from the television offerings.Additionally another assemblage of researchers found that males who listened and viewed violent music videos exhibited a significant increase in adversarial sexual beliefs and negative affect (Peterson and Pfost, 1989). Additional this group also found that college students who listed to rock music with asocial themes self-reported a wider range of acceptance for antisocial behaviors. Additional studies also followed test subjects for several years and report that violent music videos can have long term negative and maladaptive effects on young people (Anderson et al, 2003)One performer who has belatedly fallen under close scrutiny is Marshall Mathers, k right offn to listening fans as Eminem. Emin ems character, Slim Shady, appeals to teenagers because her represents the extreme emotions which range from outrage to failing that are so common in the lives of adolescents (Doherty, 2000).Eminem is profane, rebellious, determined to be himself, to chat what he topics to be the truth about his emotions and what he sees around him. Hes all the more determined to do so if it pisses off authority juts. And in a adult male largely dominated by modern freehand cant, the best way to outrage adults is to come across as anti-gay, anti-woman, and pro-violence. As Eminem says in Criminal, Half the shit I say, I just hasten it up to make you mad. Such an attitude speaks directly to adolescent anomy and rebellion (Doherty, 2000).Lyrics such as this draw teens into the world of Slim Shady, identifying with him and adopting his room of dress, attitudes and behaviors.Now, these lyrics are even more damaging, according to Myronda Reuben of WBLX in Mobile, Alabama. She says that music now holds less hope and fewer positive possibilities in the lyricsBack in the day, when a hydrantper was talking about the life, it was usually about spawn out of away from the violence and the streets. Now the music glorifies it, and there are so many contradictory messages out there (Hall, 2000).Another recitation is the phenomenon cognize as Hip-Hop. Researchers note that these songs target what is known as marginalized youth, which is be as those that experience the most dramatic social blackjacks (Violent Music Lyrics affix Aggressive Thoughts and Feelings 2003) in life, such as economic, family and behavior issues. These individuals who listen to rap are more a seeming to become violent. Hip hop music seems to have the common theme of drug use, alcoholism, Aids, and murder.Thus, results of several experimental studies arrangement that subjects who listened to violent songs were more likely to interpret ambiguous words and phrases as aggressive, and to having increased fe elings of hostility without provocation or threat (Violent Music Lyrics increase Aggressive Thoughts and Feelings 2003).These violent songs with their aggressive thoughts and feelings have daunting implications for real world violence, notes Anderson cited in the aforementioned articleAggressive thoughts can influence perceptions of ongoing social interactions, coloring them with an aggressive tint. Such aggression-biased interpretations can, in turn, instigate a more aggressive responseverbal or physicalthan would have been emitted in a nonbiased state, thus provoking an aggressive escalatory spiral of antisocial exchanges(Violent Music Lyrics summation Aggressive Thoughts and Feelings 2003).It is easy to see why these concerns are in place when one examines the lyrics from two hip hop songs that have been at the very top of the billboard charts as cited by Senator Brownback (1998)F home we capture with more hits and slaughter more kidsYou know for real the nig came fin sucked my dI have nigz falling like white b in a scary movieandIm known in the ghetto for slangin narcoticsI come up short Ima bust yofin lip upCuz specie and murder is the code that I live byCome to ya set and do a muthafin walk-by.These lyrics from the songs Get at Me Dog, by DMX and Come and Get Some by Master P submit the explicit references to kill, racial slurs, sexuality and drugs.Ironically, these chaotic songs are highly organise and effective at targeting youth and maximizing profit, which tends to squelch legislative attempts at censorship. Scholars have identified some particularly disturbing rap styles street girl rap, booty rap, indulge rap, gangsa rap, and don rap all of which are considered as hardcore rap. Hustler rap features a dark guy figure who dominates others through force, intimidation and/or seduction.Booty rap applauds sexual shock and nonconformity with titles from the group 2 Life Crew like dent Almighty, Me So Horny, and The Fuck Shop. Pimp rap focus o n money and sex an example is P Diddys song Its all(a) about the Benjamins. Finally, gangsta rap emphasizes the acceptance of antisocial, often violent, behavior. For example, NWAs (Niggaz Wit Attitude) phonograph album Straight Outta Compton offers a written thank you toAll the gangsters, dope dealers, criminals, thieves, vandals,villains, thugs, hoodlums, killers, hustlers, baseheads, hypes,winos, bums, arsonists, police, maniacs and bad ass kids forlistening to our shit (Lena, 2006).Finally, don rappers (like Master P and subaltern M.A.F.I.A.) combine gangsta raps emphasis onviolence with the pimp rap emphasis on money and sexual dominance (Lena, 2006).These songs do translate into aggressive action. For example, in the case of Mitch Johnson, the boy who was charged with killing four fellow students and a teacher in Jonesboro, Arkansas, frequently listened to violent rock and rap. Mrs. Pelley is a junior-high-school teacher there who notes that after the shootings, several stud ents revealed that Mitch had a morbid fascination with this part of music. Mrs. Pelley discovered in a reciprocation with her students that while nearly ball of them could recite the violent and aggressive lyrics of songsw by Bone, Thugs-N-Harmony, and Tupac Shakur, nearly none of their parents had any idea about these songs and performers (Brownback, 1998).The tragedy of aquilege is also linked to the music of the controversial Marilyn Manson, primarily because shooter Eric Harriss website contained frequent laudatory references to the odd performer, and both shooters wore Manson t-shirts and recited his lyrics frequently. However, many psychologists note that this type of violence hails from an inability to communicate hatred and rage, a characteristic that these lyrics unimpeachably do NOT have (Sanjek, 1999).Violent results from these songs are not hold in to school kids. In fact, one of the newest controversies concerning music lyrics hails from the dancehalls of reggae. D ancehall reggae lyrics have a long history of aggressive content. One popular artist is Buju Banton, whose 1992 chart stovepipe called Boom Bye Bye explicitly urged listeners to burn, shoot and pour acidic on gay people (Werde, 2004), and Artist Beenie Mans hit Weh Yuh No Fi Do similarly argues that gay men should die.Luckily, gay rights activists have been able to convince some of these dancehall sponsors such as Red Stripe Beer and Pepsi, to exert pressure on these performers to tone down their acts. A group of sponsors did issue a statement to this effect, saying that the continued use of violent lyrics could ultimately jazz to the decline of our music industry, as well as a social and economic backlash (Werde, 2004).Its disappointing to realise that in the twenty-first century there are still people who want to dishonor or frighten other people for their own amusement. Arent we best(p) than this? Arent our musicians better than this (Debbonaire, 2006). While violence is ra rely linked to only one source, sure as shooting the draw of aggressive music lyrics must share in the duty for aggressive behavior in youth.Possibly because of the enormous profit to be made by this music and possibly because of the first amendment, which protects speech, these lyrics are allowed onto CDs and on videos. Despite warnings and labeling movements, any youngster who wants to obtain a CD is likely to be able to. If not, the most vulgar of these artists perform and release their CDs underground, where they can be copied and spread among these teens.The best defense against song lyrics is parent battle and participation. Open discussion ordain do a lot towards deflecting some of the adverse effects of violence in music. While song writers will do what makes money and kids will buy what music is hot, adults need to take a stand to ensure that this sad trend does not get any worse.ReferencesAnderson, Craig A. (2003). The influence of media violence on youth. Psychological Science inthe Public Interest 4 (3), 81-100.Brownback, Senator Sam. (1998). The melodies of Mayhem. Policy Review, 92Debbonaire, T. (2006). Domestic rage Are Song Lyrics Really To Blame? BBC Radio. Retrieved 2 June 2007 from http//www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/onelife/personal/relationships/hh_songlyrics.shtmlDoherty, B. (2000). stinker Rap. Reason 32 (7)Hall, D. (2000). Violence In Lyrics, Life An Issue For Radio. Billboard 112.27Lena, J.C. (2006). Social Context and Musical Content of Rap Music, 1979-1995. Social Forces 85.1 479-495Peterson, D.L., & Pfost, K.S. (1989). solve of rock videos on attitudes of violence againstwomen. Psychological Reports 64, 319322.Sanjek, D. (1999). Paying the Cost to Be the Boss. Popular Music & Society 23 (3), 25-29Violent Music Lyrics Increase Aggressive Thoughts and Feelings. (2003). Journal for Quality &Participation 26 (2)46-47Waite, B.M., Hillbrand, M., & Foster, H.G. (1992). Reduction of aggressive behavior afterremoval of Music Television. Hospi tal and Community psychiatry 43, 173175.Werde, B. (2004). Reggae Boycott. Rolling Stone, 961, November 11.